[1]朱迟.展示棚甜瓜无土栽培基质筛选及经济效益分析[J].黑龙江农业科学,2022,(12):49-52,56.[doi:10.11942/j.issn1002-2767.2022.12.0049]
　ZHU Chi.Soilles Culture Substrates Screeing and Economic Benefit Analysis for Display Greenhouse Muskmelon[J].HEILONGJIANG AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES,2022,(12):49-52,56.[doi:10.11942/j.issn1002-2767.2022.12.0049]
点击复制

展示棚甜瓜无土栽培基质筛选及经济效益分析

《黑龙江农业科学》[ISSN:1002-2767/CN:23-1204/S] 卷: 期数: 2022年12 页码: 49-52,56 栏目: 出版日期: 2022-12-10
Title:
Soilles Culture Substrates Screeing and Economic Benefit Analysis for Display Greenhouse Muskmelon
作者:
朱迟
黑龙江省农业科学院 乡村振兴科技研究所，黑龙江 哈尔滨 150023
Author(s):
ZHU Chi
Institute of Rural Revitalization Science and Technology， Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences， Harbin 150023， China
关键词:
无土栽培基质; 甜瓜; 品质; 产量; 经济效益
Keywords:
soilless culture substrates;  muskmelon;  yield;  economic efficiency
DOI:
10.11942/j.issn1002-2767.2022.12.0049
文献标志码:
A
摘要:
为筛选适合示范区展示棚的新型、环保的甜瓜无土栽培基质配方，以‘碧香一号’甜瓜为试材，设置6个不同有机物料的基质配比，以纯土为对照，研究不同基质的理化性质以及不同基质栽培下甜瓜的品质和产量，并进行经济效益分析。结果表明，T1处理（秸秆∶羊粪∶椰糠∶蛭石=4∶3∶2∶1）容重最小，总孔隙度、持水孔隙度和最大持水量均最大，理化性质最佳。T1的果实纵、横径和平均单果重最大，分别为13.52 cm，10.24 cm和508.6 g，T1处理 VC含量和可溶性蛋白含量均最高。T1和T4(秸秆∶羊粪∶草炭土∶珍珠岩=4∶3∶2∶1)的可溶性固形物含量最高，分别为18.4%和18.1%，总酸最低，均为0.15%。T1小区产量最高，为190.7 kg·(25 m2)-1，折合产量也最高，为76 290 kg·hm-2。采用各基质栽培的甜瓜，产值和利润对比CK均有所增加，其中T1处理利润比CK提高了15%。综上可得，秸秆∶羊粪∶椰糠∶蛭石=4∶3∶2∶1的T1配比基质改善了甜瓜的品质，提高了甜瓜的产量，提升了整体经济效益，为最适宜示范区展示棚的甜瓜无土栽培基质配方。
Abstract:
In order to screen the new and environmentally friendly substrates formula for muskmelon soilless culture suitable for display greenhouse in the demonstration area， this study took ‘Bixiang No.1’ muskmelon as the test material， six substrates proportions of different organic materials were set， with pure soil as the control， to study the physical and chemical properties of different substrates and the quality and yield of muskmelon under different substrates， and analyzed the economic efficiency. The result showed that， T1(straw∶sheep manure∶coconut bran∶vermiculite=4∶3∶2∶1) had the lowest bulk density， the highest total porosity， water holding porosity and maximum water holding capacity， and the best physical and chemical properties. The longitudinal and transverse diameters of T1 fruits were the largest， which were 13.52 cm and 10.24 cm， respectively. The average fruit weight of T1 was 508.6 g. The content of VC and soluble protein in T1 treatment were the highest. T1 and T4 had the highest contents of soluble solids (18.4% and 181%， respectively). T1 and T4 treatments had the lowest total acid (0.15%). The highest plot yield in T1 was 190.7 kg·(25 m2)-1， and the highest converted yield in T1 was 76 290 kg·ha-1. Compared with CK， the output value and profit of muskmelon cultivated by substrate increased， and the profit of T1 treatment increased by 15% compared with CK. All the above results indicate that， the T1 treatment of straw∶sheep manure∶coconut bran∶vermiculite =4∶3∶2∶1 could improve the quality and yield of muskmelon and the overall economic benefits， which is the most suitable soilless culture substrate formula for muskmelon for display greenhouse in the demonstration area.

参考文献/References:

［1］杨海俊.复混基质对南疆日光温室番茄、薄皮甜瓜无土栽培效应的研究[D].塔里木：塔里木大学，2020.

[2]吴海波，胡国智，张永兵，等.施肥量对不同基质无土栽培甜瓜生长特性和产量品质的影响[J].新疆农业科学，2014，51(8):1437-1444.
[3]肖守华，赵西，肖真真，等.以椰糠为基质的设施甜瓜无土栽培基质配方筛选[J].山东农业科学，2019，51(1):61-64.
[4]郭世荣.无土栽培学[M].北京:中国农业出版社，2003．
[5]李合生.植物生理生化实验原理和技术[M].北京:高等教育出版社，2000．
[6]卢翔，夏海涛，刘星，等.不同基质配比对枫香生长的影响及效益分析[J].浙江农业科学，2020，61(1):82-85.
[7]闫治斌，秦嘉海，陈修斌，等.几种有机废弃物组合基质对黄瓜产量和经济效益的影响[J].长江蔬菜，2011(2):59-62.
[8]PAULA F S，TATTI E， ABRAMBRAM F，et al. Stabilisation of spent mushroom substrate for application as a plant growth promoting organic amendment[J]. Journal of Environmetal Management，2017，196:476-486.
[9]郑剑超，董飞，智雪萍.菇渣基质配比对设施基质袋培黄瓜生长特性的影响[J].浙江农业科学，2018，59(1):16-18.
[10]仇淑芳，杨乐琦，黄丹枫，等.草炭椰糠复合基质对‘紫油菜’生长和品质的影响[J].上海交通大学学报(农业科学版)，2016，34(2):40-46．
[11]代惠洁，纪祥龙，杜迎刚.椰糠替代草炭作番茄穴盘育苗基质的研究[J].北方园艺，2015(9):46-48．

相似文献/References:

[1]兰红宇,李青超,焦德志,等.不同基质配比和营养液配比对甜瓜生长的影响[J].黑龙江农业科学,2013,(02):34.
　LAN Hong-yu,LI Qing-chao,JIAO De-zhi,et al.Influence of Different Proportion of Base Materials’ and Nutrient Solution on Melon’s Growth[J].HEILONGJIANG AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES,2013,(12):34.
[2]赵索,周传余,周超,等.蔬菜不同轮作方式对甜瓜生长及果实品质的影响[J].黑龙江农业科学,2014,(03):78.
　ZHAO Suo,ZHOU Chuan yu,ZHOU Chao,et al.Effects of Different Vegetable Crop Rotation Patterns on Growth Yield and Quality of Muskmelon in Greenhouse[J].HEILONGJIANG AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES,2014,(12):78.
[3]徐慧春,王迪,杜志强,等.不同砧木嫁接对甜瓜抗病性及生长发育的影响[J].黑龙江农业科学,2014,(03):81.
　XU Hui chun,WANG Di,DU Zhi qiang,et al.Effecct of Different Stock Varieties on Disease Resistance and Growth of Melon[J].HEILONGJIANG AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES,2014,(12):81.
[4]曹 虹,陈柏杰,金荣荣,等.与薄皮甜瓜单性花基因有关的SRAP标记研究[J].黑龙江农业科学,2010,(06):1.
　CAO Hong,CHEN Bai-jie,JIN Rong-rong,et al.SRAP Marker of the Unisexual Flower Gene in Pellicle Melon[J].HEILONGJIANG AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES,2010,(12):1.
[5]赵 索,周传余,周 超,等.蔬菜不同轮作方式对温室甜瓜产量及根区土壤酶活性的影响[J].黑龙江农业科学,2014,(01):73.
　ZHAO Suo,ZHOU Chuan-yu,ZHOU Chao,et al.Effects of Different Vegetable Crop Rotation Patternson the Yield and Rhizoplane Soil Enzyme Activities of Muskmelon in Greenhouse[J].HEILONGJIANG AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES,2014,(12):73.
[6]李 欣,谢秀芳,黄 超,等.磷素对甜瓜幼苗质量的影响[J].黑龙江农业科学,2015,(04):22.[doi:10.11942/j.issn1002-2767.2015.04.0022]
　LI Xin,XIE Xiu-fang,HUANG Chao,et al.Effect of Phosphorus on the Quality of Muskmelon Seedling[J].HEILONGJIANG AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES,2015,(12):22.[doi:10.11942/j.issn1002-2767.2015.04.0022]
[7]陈 莹,王利波,惠长敏,等.蜜蜂授粉技术对甜瓜产量和品质的影响[J].黑龙江农业科学,2016,(01):74.[doi:10.11942/j.issn1002-2767.2016.01.0074]
　CHEN Ying,WANG Li-bo,HUI Chang-min,et al.Effect of Bee Pollination Technology on Yield and Quality of Cucumis melo L.[J].HEILONGJIANG AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES,2016,(12):74.[doi:10.11942/j.issn1002-2767.2016.01.0074]
[8]王秋红,申家恒,金荣荣.甜瓜T912 雌花形成时雄蕊原基退化的形态学观察[J].黑龙江农业科学,2004,(02):10.[doi:10.11942/j.issn1002-2767.2004.02.0010]
　WANG Qiu-hong,SHEN Jia-heng,JIN Rong-rong.The Morphologic Observation of Retrogressive of Stamen Primordium asthe Formation of Female Flower in T912(Cucumis melo L.)[J].HEILONGJIANG AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES,2004,(12):10.[doi:10.11942/j.issn1002-2767.2004.02.0010]
[9]张丽娜,于勇,韩冰,等.甜瓜连作对土壤肥力及酶活性的影响[J].黑龙江农业科学,2016,(06):79.[doi:10.11942/j.issn1002-2767.2016.06.0079]
　ZHANG Li-na,YU Yong,HAN Bing,et al.Effect of Melon Continuous Cropping on Soil Fertility and Soil Enzyme Activity[J].HEILONGJIANG AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES,2016,(12):79.[doi:10.11942/j.issn1002-2767.2016.06.0079]
[10]李嘉儒,苏春杰,胡晓辉.外源γ-氨基丁酸对盐碱胁迫下甜瓜幼苗光合作用影响[J].黑龙江农业科学,2016,(09):66.[doi:10.11942/j.issn1002-2767.2016.09.0066]
　LI Jia-ru,SU Chun-jie,HU Xiao-hui.Effects of Exogenous γ-Aminobutyric Acid on Muskmelon Photosynthesis Under Salinity-alkalinity Stress[J].HEILONGJIANG AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES,2016,(12):66.[doi:10.11942/j.issn1002-2767.2016.09.0066]

备注/Memo

收稿日期：2022-10-08基金项目：黑龙江省农业科学院科技攻关项目（2020FJZX051）。作者简介：朱迟（1981-），男，学士，助理研究员，从事财会及乡村振兴产业研究。E-mail：zhuchi1123@sina.com。

更新日期/Last Update: 2022-12-29