WU Daxiu,HUANG Degang,YAN Hua,et al.Effects of Sowing Date on Characters and Yield of Different Soybean Varieties[J].HEILONGJIANG AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES,2025,(05):23-30.[doi:10.11942/j.issn1002-2767.2025.05.0023]
播期对不同大豆品种性状与产量的影响
- Title:
- Effects of Sowing Date on Characters and Yield of Different Soybean Varieties
- 文章编号:
- 4
- Keywords:
- soybean; sowing date; varieties; agronomic traits; yield; yield components
- 文献标志码:
- A
- 摘要:
- 为探明贵州省兴义市大豆的适宜播期，为当地适合在油菜、小麦收获后种植的耐迟播大豆品种选择提供科学依据。以贵州主推大豆品种黔豆10号、瑞黄2号、齐黄34、油春1204、南豆24、毕绿2号、安豆9号为试验材料，在兴义市设置5个不同的播种时期，分别为4月22日、4月29日、5月6日、5月13日和5月20日，系统研究不同播种时期下，7个大豆品种在生育期、农艺性状、产量及其构成要素上的动态变化趋势。同时，运用相关性分析方法，深入挖掘播种时期与大豆农艺性状、产量之间的内在耦合关系。结果表明，播期变化对大豆生长发育及产量相关指标有极显著影响。播期推迟，大豆生育期缩短，株高、有效分枝数、有效荚数、单株粒数、单株粒重及产量均表现出先上升后下降的变化特征。其中，大豆的有效分枝数于4月29日（第2播期）达到高峰值，有效荚数、产量等指标于5月6日（第3播期）达到最高水平。百粒重随播期推迟逐渐下降，4月22日（第1播期）最高。播期对产量影响极显著，5月6日（第3播期）平均产量最高，为3 302.98 kg·hm-2，4月29日（第2播期）次之，为3 171.43 kg·hm-2。播期与大豆产量、单株粒重、百粒重呈负相关关系，大豆产量与有效分枝数、有效荚数、单株粒数、单株粒重呈正相关关系，单株粒重与有效分枝数、有效荚数、单株粒数呈正相关关系。综上，贵州省兴义市大豆的适宜播期为5月上旬，适宜品种为齐黄34、油春1204、瑞黄2号和安豆9号。
- Abstract:
- In order to find out the suitable sowing date of soybean in Xingyi City, Guizhou Province, and to provide scientific basis for the selection of delayed sowing soybean varieties suitable for planting after rape and wheat harvest. Soybean varieties Qiandou 10, Ruihuang 2, Qihuang 34, Youchun 1204, Nandou 24, Bilü 2 and Andou 9 were used as experimental materials, five different sowing periods were set up, namely April 22nd, April 29th, May 6th, May 13th and May 20th, and the dynamic change trends of growth period, agronomic traits, yield and components of seven soybean varieties were studied under different sowing periods. At the same time, the correlation analysis method was used to deeply explore the internal coupling relationship between sowing period and soybean agronomic traits and yield. The results showed that the change of sowing date had a significant effect on the growth and yield of soybean. Plant height, effective branch number, effective pod number, seed number per plant, seed weight per plant and yield all increased first and then decreased. Among them, the effective branch number reached the peak value on April 29th (the second sowing period), and the effective pod number and yield reached the highest level on May 6th (the third sowing period). The 100-seed weight decreased gradually with the delay of sowing date, and the highest was reached on April 22nd (the first sowing date). The yield was the highest on May 6th(the third sowing stage) at 3 302.98 kg·ha-1, followed by April 29th (the second sowing stage) at 3 171.43 kg·ha-1. Sowing date was negatively correlated with soybean yield, seed weight per plant and 100-seed weight, soybean yield was positively correlated with effective branch number, effective pod number, seed number per plant and seed weight per plant, and seed weight per plant was positively correlated with effective branch number, effective pod number and seed number per plant. In summary, the suitable sowing date of soybean in Xingyi City of Guizhou Province was early May, and the suitable varieties were Qihuang 34, Youchun 1204, Ruihuang 2 and Andou 9.
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备注/Memo
收稿日期：2025-02-06 基金项目：贵州省重大科技成果转化项目（黔科合成果〔2022〕重点007）；贵州省成果转化项目（黔科合成果〔2024〕一般114）。 第一作者：吴大秀（1979-），女，布依族，学士，高级农艺师，从事农业技术推广工作。E-mail:494810347@qq.com。 通信作者：凡迪（1990-），男，硕士，高级农艺师，从事大豆油菜新品种新技术研究及推广。E-mail:410509115@qq.com。