WANG Heya,LUO Jingjing,MENG Ling,et al.Effects of Different Sowing Dates on Dry Matter and Yield of Three Edible Sunflower Cultivars in the Tae Basin[J].HEILONGJIANG AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES,2024,(04):74-80.[doi:10.11942/j.issn1002-2767.2024.04.0074]
塔额盆地不同播期对三个食葵品种干物质及产量的影响
- Title:
- Effects of Different Sowing Dates on Dry Matter and Yield of Three Edible Sunflower Cultivars in the Tae Basin
- 文章编号:
- 13
- 文献标志码:
- A
- 摘要:
- 为充分挖掘塔额盆地食葵的增产潜力，采取播期和品种二因素裂区试验设计，通过研究不同播期对3个食葵品种干物质积累、分配特点及产量田间表现的影响。结果表明，播期对3个食葵品种不同生育期地上部各器官干物质积累均产生显著影响；3个食葵品种各生育期地上干物质积累总量及各器官干物质积累量均以播期5月10日的处理最高，说明早播或晚播均不利于干物质量的增加；不同品种处理地上部器官干物质积累均表现为SR3显著高于其他品种；不同播期处理地上部分干物质最大积累速率（vmax），在播期5月10日处理下最大，分别高出5月3日、5月17日处理50.00%和55.10%，并较其他播期分别延长干物质快速积累时间6.3和7.3 d；食葵单盘粒数、单盘粒重、结实率、籽仁率、千粒重及产量性状在播期5月10日处理表现最好，均显著高于其他处理，产量构成方面单盘粒重和花盘直径与产量呈现显著正相关，相关系数为0.997和0.996，籽仁率、单盘粒数、千粒重与产量呈正相关，相关系数分别为0.962，0.949和0.928。结合播期与产量构成，食葵种植在适宜的播期更能充分发挥植株产量潜力，达到增产效果。适期播种才能形成有利于植株干物质积累的最佳环境，满足籽粒对干物质转运及分配的需求，形成最佳产量因子组合，综合试验表明塔额盆地不同食葵品种种植播期处理均以5月10日为最佳，有利于调动植株生长因素，延长干物质快速积累时间，促进干物质积累及分配，发挥其产量潜力，SR3品种综合表现优于其他品种。
- Abstract:
- In order to fully tap into the production potential of sunflowers in Ta e Basin, the experimental design of sowing date and variety two-factor split-plot was adopted, three replicates, the main zone was the sowing period, and three levels were set: T1(May 3),T2(May 10) and T3(May 17), the sub-zone was the variety, and the three varieties were tested: Sanrui 3 (SR3), Sanrui 373 (SR373), SH363. And the field performance of the three edible sunflower plants in dry matter accumulation, distribution characteristics and yield were analyzed, and the commonality of the three varieties was analyzed, so as to fully explore the response to the sowing period and its potential for yield increase.The results showed that,the sowing date had a significant effect on the dry matter accumulation of various organs in the aboveground parts of the three sunflower cultivars at different growth stages. At the seedling emergence, budding stage, flowering stage and maturity stage, the total amount of dry matter accumulation above ground and the accumulation of dry matter in each organ of the three sunflower varieties were the highest on May 10, indicating that early or late sowing was conducive to the increase of dry matter quality. The dry matter accumulation of aboveground organs in different varieties showed that SR3 was significantly higher than that of the other two varieties. The maximum dry matter accumulation rate (vmax) of the aboveground part on May 10 was the largest, which was 50.00% and 55.10% higher than that on May 3 and May 17, respectively, and extended the rapid accumulation time of dry matter by 6.3 days and 7.3 days compared with the other two sowing periods. On May 10, the sowing date was the best in the seed number of single discs, single grain weight, setting rate, seed kernel rate and yield, all of which were significantly higher than those of other treatments, and the yield composition and disc diameter of sunflower showed a significant positive correlation between single disc weight and yield, the correlation coefficient was 0.997 and 0.996. And the seed kernel rate, seed number of single disc and yield were positively correlated, the correlation coefficients were 0.962, 0.949 and 0.928, respectively. Combined with the sowing date and yield composition, sunflower planting in the appropriate sowing period can give full play to the plant yield potential and achieve the effect of increasing yield.Comprehensive experiments show that the planting and sowing treatment of different sunflower varieties in the Taege Basin is best on May 10, which is conducive to mobilizing plant growth factors, prolonging the rapid accumulation time of dry matter, promoting dry matter accumulation and distribution, and giving greater play to its yield potential, and the comprehensive performance of the variety is that SR3 is better than the other two varieties.
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备注/Memo
收稿日期：2023-07-17