ZHANG Qingna,SHAO Guangzhong,SUN Yinhui,et al.Effects of Planting Density on Lodging Resistance and Yield of Maize[J].HEILONGJIANG AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES,2023,(07):1-6.[doi:10.11942/j.issn1002-2767.2023.07.0001]
种植密度对玉米茎秆抗倒伏性能及产量的影响
- Title:
- Effects of Planting Density on Lodging Resistance and Yield of Maize
- 文章编号:
- 1
- Keywords:
- maize; density; stem character; yield
- 文献标志码:
- A
- 摘要:
- 为促进黑龙江省玉米密植高产抗倒伏栽培，充分挖掘其高产潜力，实现增产增收，以牡丹江地区10个市场上主栽的玉米品种为材料，设置3个种植密度，田间采用随机区组设计，探讨不同密度对玉米茎秆强度性状和产量的影响。结果表明，利合328、P5697、益农玉10号、富尔116和德美亚3号的最高产量分别为12 5670，12 457.0，13 254.9，13 204.9和12 624.4 kg·hm-2，最佳种植密度为7.50万株·hm-2，适宜密植；牡单19、绿单4号、吉农大935和牡单27的最高产量分别为12 986.8，12 687.3，13 605.3和12 765.5 kg·hm-2，最佳种植密度为6.75万株·hm-2，中等耐密；和育187的最高产量为13 686.2 kg·hm-2，最佳种植密度为6.00万株·hm-2，种植不宜过密。参试玉米品种茎秆针刺强度和压碎强度都随着密度增大呈现减小的趋势，总体表现为随着节位上升呈下降趋势，不同品种间的也存在很大差异。不同种植密度下，益农玉10号在第3节、第4节、第5节承受针刺强度和茎秆压碎强度都是最强的。参试玉米品种整体上表现为随种植密度增加，株高、穗位高降低，秃尖变长，穗粗变细，百粒重降低，穗长变短。
- Abstract:
- In order to promote dense planting， high-yield and lodging resistant cultivation of maize in Heilongjiang Province， fully tap its high-yield potential， and achieve yield increase and income increase， three planting densities were set for 10 maize varieties mainly planted in the market in Mudanjian Area， and random block design was used in the field to explore the effects of different densities on stem strength and yield of maize. The results showed that， the highest yields of Lihe 328， P5697， Yinongyu 10， Fuer 116 and Demeiya 3 were 12 567.0， 12 457.0， 13 254.9， 13 204.9， and 12 624.4 kg · ha-1， respectively， and the optimum planting density for all of them was 75 000 plants·ha-1， which was suitable for planting density tolerance; The highest yields of Mudan 19， Lüdan 4， Jinongda 935 and Mudan 27 were 12 986.8，12 687.3，13 605.3和12 765.5 kg · ha-1， and the optimum planting density for all of them was 67 500 plants·ha-1 ，suitable for medium density tolerance; The highest yield of Heyu187 was 13 686.2 kg·ha-1 and the optimum planting density was 60 000 plants·ha-1， which should not be too dense. The needle-pricking strength and crushing strength of stem decreased with the increase of density， and decreased with the increase of node， and there were also great differences among varieties.Under different planting densities， Yinongyu 10 was the strongest at the 3rd， 4th and 5th internodes in the stress of pricking and crushing.With the increase of maize density, the plant height and ear height of the tested varieties decreased， bald tip became longer， panicle became thicker and thinner， 100-grain weight decreased and panicle length became shorter.
参考文献/References:
［1］陈国平，高聚林，赵明，等.近年我国玉米超高产田的分布、产量构成及关键技术[J].作物学报，2012，38（1）:80-85.[2]刘志全，李万良，路立平，等.2006年美国玉米高产竞赛的启示[J].玉米科学，2007(6):144-145.[3]赵久然，孙世贤.对超级玉米育种目标及技术路线的再思考[J].玉米科学，2007，15(7):21-23，28.[4]崔丽娜，李令伟，崔延臣，等.行距及密度对夏玉米产量及其构成因素的影响[J].安徽农业科学，2019，47(13):29-31，34.[5]宋朝玉，张继余，张清霞，等.玉米倒伏的类型、原因及预防、治理措施[J].作物杂志，2006（1）:36-38.[6]徐田军，吕天放，陈传永，等.种植密度和植物生长调节剂对玉米茎秆性状的影响及调控[J].中国农业科学，2019，52(4):629-638.[7]付华，李猛，刘兴舟，等.不同种植密度下玉米品种倒伏与产量的相关分析[J].作物研究，2019，33(6):534-537.[8]尚赏，胡启国，郭书亚，等.种植密度对黄淮海夏玉米品种倒伏率与茎秆抗倒特性的影响[J].山西农业科学，2018，46(8):1282-1285，1290.[9]丰光，王孝杰，曹祖波，等.玉米种植密度与重心高度的关系及对倒伏的影响[J].天津农业科学，2017，23(12):65-67.[10]孙世贤，戴俊英，顾慰连.氮、憐、钾对玉米倒伏及其产量的影响[J].中国农业科学，1989，22(3):23-28.[11]黄海，常莹，胡文河，等.群体密度对玉米茎秆农艺性状及抗倒伏性的影响[J].玉米科学，2014(4):94-101.[12]席吉龙，张建诚，姚景珍，等.夏玉米灌浆期倒伏对产量的影响模拟研究[J].山西农业科学，2015，43(6):705-708.[13]李永忠.玉米茎秆和根系的研究概况[J].国外农学-玉米，1990（1）:5-9.[14]白永新，张润生，李鹏，等.玉米品种抗倒伏关联特性的鉴定[J].山西农业科学，2016，44(11):1592-1596，1607.[15]丰光，黄长玲，邢锦丰.玉米抗倒伏的研究进展[J].作物杂志，2008(4):12-14.[16]张庆娜，傅迎军，孙殷会，等.玉米新品种牡单19的选育及栽培技术[J].黑龙江农业科学，2021(9):144-146.[17]刘鑫.不同玉米品种在不同密度下抗倒伏性能的研究[D].保定：河北农业大学，2012.[18]薛源清，张满良，张俊丽，等.种植密度对玉米品种产量及主要农艺性状的影响[J].农业科技通讯，2018(4):76-78.[19]刘荣，张卫建，齐华，等.密植型玉米“中单909”高产群体结构特征[J].江苏农业科学，2013，41(5):56-59.[20]张新，王振华，魏昕，等.“郑单988”玉米不同种植密度对产量的影响[J].农学学报，2014，4(2):25-28.
相似文献/References:
[1]王静.西昌地区玉米自交系苗期耐低磷特性鉴定[J].黑龙江农业科学,2013,(02):5.
WANG Jing.Identification of Resistance to Low-phosphorus Characteristics of Maize Inbred Lines at Seedling Stage in Xichang Area[J].HEILONGJIANG AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES,2013,(07):5.
[2]石凤梅,马立功.黑龙江省玉米大斑病菌小种生理分化的研究[J].黑龙江农业科学,2013,(02):63.
SHI Feng-mei,MA Li-gong.Study on Physiological Race Differentiation of Exserohilum turcicum in Heilongjiang Province[J].HEILONGJIANG AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES,2013,(07):63.
[3]孙广全,焦少杰,王黎明,等.乌克兰玉米自交系芽期耐旱性鉴定[J].黑龙江农业科学,2014,(11):4.
SUN Guang-quan,JIAO Shao-jie,WANG Li-ming,et al.Drought Tolerance Identification of Ukrainian Maize Inbred Lines at Bud Stage[J].HEILONGJIANG AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES,2014,(07):4.
[4]马延华,孙德全,李绥艳,等.玉米自交系灌浆期抗倒性评价及抗倒性状的相关分析[J].黑龙江农业科学,2014,(07):5.
MA Yan-hua,SUN De-quan,LI Sui-yan,et al.Evaluation of Lodging Resistance and Correlation Analysis of Lodging Resistance Characters for Maizenbred Lines During Grain filling Period[J].HEILONGJIANG AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES,2014,(07):5.
[5]杨耿斌,刘兴焱,王立春,等.黑龙江早熟地区深松对玉米产量及土壤状态的影响[J].黑龙江农业科学,2014,(07):23.
YANG Geng-bin,LIU Xing-yan,WANG Li-chun,et al.Effect of Subsoiling on Maize Yield and Soil Characteristics in Earlymaturing District of Heilongjiang Province[J].HEILONGJIANG AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES,2014,(07):23.
[6]王宇先.寒地半干旱地区膜上精播技术对玉米生长发育的影响[J].黑龙江农业科学,2014,(07):29.
WANG Yu-xian.Effect of Planting in Mulching Film on the Growth and Development of Maize Plant in Cold and Semi Arid Area[J].HEILONGJIANG AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES,2014,(07):29.
[7]刘志华,盖兆雪,李晓梅,等.秸秆还田对玉米产量形成及土壤肥力的影响[J].黑龙江农业科学,2014,(07):42.
LIU Zhi-hua,GAI Zhao-xue,LI Xiao-mei,et al.Effect of Straw Return on Maize Yield Components and Soil Fertility[J].HEILONGJIANG AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES,2014,(07):42.
[8]林红,何晶丽.玉米在畜牧养殖业中的有效利用[J].黑龙江农业科学,2014,(07):77.
LIN Hong,HE Jing-li.Effective Utilization of Maize in Animal Husbandry[J].HEILONGJIANG AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES,2014,(07):77.
[9]林 红,孙德全,李绥艳,等.玉米单倍体诱导系对不同类群F1的诱导率评价[J].黑龙江农业科学,2014,(06):12.
[10]张崎峰,蔡鑫鑫,李金良,等.黑龙江省高纬寒地大垄双行栽培模式下玉米品种筛选试验[J].黑龙江农业科学,2014,(06):22.
ZHANG Qifeng,CAI Xinxin,LI Jinliang,et al.Screening Test of Maize Varieties under the Mode of Double Row Sowing with Big Ridge in High Latitude and Cold Region of Heilongjiang Province[J].HEILONGJIANG AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES,2014,(07):22.
[11]张崎峰.玉米边单3号栽培密度和施氮量研究[J].黑龙江农业科学,2011,(04):35.
ZHANG Qi-feng.Study on Planting Density and Nitrogen Applicationof Maize Variety Biandan No.3[J].HEILONGJIANG AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES,2011,(07):35.
[12]陈海军.不同种植密度对早熟玉米新品种边单3号产量和农艺性状的影响[J].黑龙江农业科学,2011,(03):35.
CHEN Hai-jun.Effect of Different Density on the Yield and Agronomic Traitof New Varieties of Early Maturing Maize Biandan No.3[J].HEILONGJIANG AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES,2011,(07):35.
[13]王宇先,李清泉,刘玉涛,等.种植密度和氮磷钾肥对育苗移栽玉米产量的影响[J].黑龙江农业科学,2011,(06):21.
WANG Yu-xian,LI Qing-quan,LIU Yu-tao,et al.Effects of Nitrogen，Phosphorus，Potassium andDensity on Yield of Raising Seedling and Transplanting Maize[J].HEILONGJIANG AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES,2011,(07):21.
[14]陈海军.黑龙江省高纬地区几个主栽玉米品种适宜密度的研究[J].黑龙江农业科学,2011,(11):15.
CHEN Hai-jun.Study on Suitable Density of Several Maize Varietiesin High Latitude Area of Heilongjiang[J].HEILONGJIANG AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES,2011,(07):15.
[15]陈喜昌,李 波,张 宇,等.不同种植方式与密度对玉米产量的影响[J].黑龙江农业科学,2011,(12):19.
CHEN Xi-chang,LI Bo,ZHANG Yu,et al.Effect of Different Cultivation Methods and Density on Yield of Maize[J].HEILONGJIANG AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES,2011,(07):19.
[16]李 波,陈喜昌,张 宇,等.密度对玉米品质及穗部性状的影响研究[J].黑龙江农业科学,2010,(04):18.
LI Bo,CHEN Xi-chang,ZHANG Yu,et al.Effect of Density to Quality and Corncob Properties of Maize[J].HEILONGJIANG AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES,2010,(07):18.
[17]李 严,金 益,董 玲,等.施肥和种植密度对玉米品种东农252 产量的影响[J].黑龙江农业科学,2009,(01):37.
LI Yan,JIN Yi,DONGLing,et al.Effects of Applying Nitrogenous Fertilizer and Growing Densityon the Yield of Maize Dongnong 252[J].HEILONGJIANG AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES,2009,(07):37.
[18]刘红军,金益,董玲,等.玉米新品种东庆1 号高产综合栽培技术研究[J].黑龙江农业科学,2008,(02):38.[doi:10.11942/j.issn1002-2767.2008.02.0038]
LIU Hong-jun,JIN Yi,DONG Ling,et al.Studies on High-yield Cultivation Technology ofMaize Variety Dongqing No .1[J].HEILONGJIANG AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES,2008,(07):38.[doi:10.11942/j.issn1002-2767.2008.02.0038]
[19]张文忠,宋殿珍,栗红生,等.玉米秃尖原因分析[J].黑龙江农业科学,2007,(06):20.[doi:10.11942/j.issn1002-2767.2007.06.0020]
ZHANG Wen-zhong,SONG Dian-zhen,LI Hong-sheng,et al.Reason Analysis on Barren Ear Tip of Maize[J].HEILONGJIANG AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES,2007,(07):20.[doi:10.11942/j.issn1002-2767.2007.06.0020]
[20]高明波,等.密度和追肥量对玉米产量的影响[J].黑龙江农业科学,2008,(06):38.[doi:10.11942/j.issn1002-2767.2008.06.0038]
GAO Ming-bo,JIN Yi,et al.Effect of Density and Additional FertilizerAmount on Maize Yield[J].HEILONGJIANG AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES,2008,(07):38.[doi:10.11942/j.issn1002-2767.2008.06.0038]
备注/Memo
收稿日期：2023-03-14基金项目：牡丹江市科学技术计划项目（HT2020NS032）。第一作者：张庆娜（1979-），女，硕士，助理研究员，从事玉米遗传育种研究。E-mail：zhangqingna8@163.com