DU Ruonan.Effects of Green Manure Types on Fresh Maize Yield and Soil Fertility[J].HEILONGJIANG AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES,2026,(02):35-40.[doi:10.11942/j.issn1002-2767.2026.02.0035]
绿肥作物种类对鲜食玉米产量及土壤肥力的影响
- Title:
- Effects of Green Manure Types on Fresh Maize Yield and Soil Fertility
- 文章编号:
- 5
- Keywords:
- green manure; soil improvement; fresh maize; multiple cropping; economic benefit
- 文献标志码:
- A
- 摘要:
- 为探明不同绿肥作物与鲜食玉米复种对玉米产量及土壤理化性质的影响，于2023年在哈尔滨市和海伦市，设置白芥、箭筈豌豆、毛叶苕子和油用萝卜4种绿肥与鲜食玉米复种处理，通过产量增幅、土壤养分提升幅度及投入产出比等指标的综合比较，筛选适宜的绿肥-鲜食玉米复种组合。结果表明，不同绿肥品种在产量和养分积累上差异显著。油用萝卜鲜草产量最高（哈尔滨达25 018.00 kg·hm-2），其氮、磷、钾积累量（89.85，17.50和135.50 kg·hm-2）均显著高于其他处理；白芥干草产量最高（海伦达4 071.00 kg·hm-2）。绿肥复种显著提高了鲜食玉米产量与经济效益，其中白芥和箭筈豌豆处理的纯收益较对照分别提升20.24%和18.16%，提升效果尤为显著。绿肥复种显著改善了土壤理化性质，油用萝卜显著提高了水解性氮（较CK增加31.42%）和有效磷（较CK增加8.92%）；白芥和毛叶苕子显著提高了土壤有机质含量，但毛叶苕子处理导致土壤pH降低0.14。综上，油用萝卜适于作为速效养分快速提升的绿肥选择；白芥和箭筈豌豆更适用于以经济效益为主导的生产场景，且白芥兼具培肥地力的长期效应。三者可根据土壤改良与增收目标，在东北黑土区绿肥-鲜食玉米复种体系中搭配应用。
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备注/Memo
收稿日期：2025-11-11