KANG Qi,SHI Fengjiang,YU Bo,et al.Agronomic Character Performance and Comprehensive Analysis of Domestic Soybean Varieties in Bozhou Reclamation Area of Xinjiang[J].HEILONGJIANG AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES,2025,(04):25-34.[doi:10.11942/j.issn1002-2767.2025.04.0025]
国内大豆品种在新疆博州垦区的农艺性状表现及综合分析
- Title:
- Agronomic Character Performance and Comprehensive Analysis of Domestic Soybean Varieties in Bozhou Reclamation Area of Xinjiang
- 文章编号:
- 5
- Keywords:
- soybean; sowing in spring; reseeding; agronomic traits; yield
- 文献标志码:
- A
- 摘要:
- 为解决新疆博州垦区春播与复播大豆的栽培难题，对引入的35个春播与16个复播大豆品种进行了多项农艺性状测定，并进行相关性、通径分析及聚类分析，通过调查复播不同播期对产量的影响，确定复播适宜时间，以便促进当地大豆种植推广及高产品种培育。结果表明，春播大豆与复播大豆单株经济性状均展现出显著的变异性，春播大豆的变异系数介于26.32%~139.32%之间，而复播大豆的变异系数则在7.87%~160.45%之间，其中，有效分枝数的变异程度最高，而百粒重和生育期的变异程度相对较低。在春播大豆中，产量与生育期、株高、单株粒数、单株粒重及百粒重均存在极显著正相关关系，尤其是单株粒数和百粒重，对产量的贡献最为突出。而在复播大豆中，只有产量与生育期之间呈现极显著的正相关关系，其中生育期对产量的贡献最为重要。通过聚类分析，以欧式距离5为标准，春播大豆品种被划分为四大类群。其中，第Ⅱ类群的新大豆25、新大豆26和合农71在博州垦区表现最佳。而在复播大豆中，以欧式距离15为标准，分为六大类群，其中第Ⅱ类群与第Ⅴ类群的黑科88、黑龙501、黑龙502在博州垦区的生产效果较好。同时，春播大豆时需注意，南方品种可能不适合在博州垦区种植;对于复播大豆，关键在于避免播期过晚对产量造成严重影响，因此应尽早播种，适宜播期范围从6月19日至7月9日，且每推迟1 d播种，都会有一定的产量损失，播种越晚产量损失越大。
- Abstract:
- In order to address the cultivation challenges of spring-sown and double-cropped soybeans in the Bozhou Reclamation Area，35 spring-sown and 16 double-cropped soybean varieties were analyzed for multiple agronomic traits，including coefficient of variation，correlation，path analysis and cluster analysis. The suitable sowing time for double-cropping was determined by analyzing the yield of different sowing dates， providing valuable reference information for the promotion of soybean cultivation and the breeding of high-yielding varieties in the local area. The research results showed that, both spring-sown and double-cropped soybeans exhibited significant variability. The coefficient of variation of spring-sown soybeans ranged from 26.32% to 139.32%，while that of double-cropped soybeans ranged from 7.87% to 160.45%. Among them，the variation degree of effective branch number was the highest，while that of 100-seed weight and growth period was relatively low. In spring-sown soybeans，yield was significantly positively correlated with growth period，plant height，number of seeds per plant，seed weight per plant and 100-seed weight. Especially，the number of seeds per plant and 100-seed weight made the most significant contribution to yield. In double-cropped soybeans，only yield was significantly positively correlated with growth period， and growth period made the most significant contribution to yield. Through cluster analysis， spring-sown soybean varieties were classified into four major groups based on a Euclidean distance of 5. Among them，Xindaduo 25，Xindaduo 26 and Henong 71 in Group II showed the best production performance in the Bozhou Reclamation Area. For double-cropped soybeans，they were divided into six major groups based on a Euclidean distance of 15. Among them，Heike 88，Heilong 501 and Heilong 502 in Group II and Group V showed better production performance in the Bozhou Reclamation Area. For spring-sown soybeans，it should be noted that southern varieties may not be suitable for cultivation in the Bozhou Reclamation Area. For double-cropped soybeans，the key is to avoid the negative impact of late sowing on yield. Therefore，sowing should be done as early as possible，with the suitable sowing period ranging from June 19th to July 9th. Each day of delayed soybean souing results in a certain amount of yield loss, and the later the planting is postponed, the greater the reduction in yield.
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备注/Memo
收稿日期：2025-02-21