WANG Rui,TANG Ke,WU Yuxi,et al.Comparative Analysis of Comprehensive Traits of Different Subspecies of Seabuckthorn Strains in Cold Black Soil Areas[J].HEILONGJIANG AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES,2025,(02):38-44.[doi:10.11942/j.issn1002-2767.2025.02.0038]
不同沙棘亚种代表株系在寒地黑土区综合性状分析
- Title:
- Comparative Analysis of Comprehensive Traits of Different Subspecies of Seabuckthorn Strains in Cold Black Soil Areas
- 文章编号:
- 6
- 文献标志码:
- A
- 摘要:
- 为比较分析不同沙棘亚种间生长表现，筛选优良沙棘品种，选择蒙古沙棘亚种、杂交沙棘亚种及中国沙棘亚种3个沙棘亚种，每个亚种中分别选择2个雌株品种和1个雄株品种共9个典型优良沙棘品种（系）为试验材料，通过比较其物候期、生长性状、果实性状等指标，并通过综合指数E值计算，以主栽品种深秋红为对照，筛选适合黑龙江省黑土区栽种的优良沙棘品种（系）。结果表明，相较于对照品种深秋红，杂交沙棘亚种，晚黄、旭日在9月中上旬成熟，单株产量最高，分别为7.26和6.88 kg，进入结果期后，各项生长指标与对照品种相近，树势较好。中国沙棘亚种ZX2019-01、ZZ2019-02，在8月中下旬成熟，单株产量最低，分别为0.45和0.38 kg，各项生长指标低于杂交沙棘与对照品种，树势较差。中早熟蒙古沙棘亚种丘依斯克成熟期最早，在8月初成熟，果实个大，产量低，单株产量低于对照品种与杂交品种，为1.54 kg，树势最差，各项生长指标均低于其他材料。3份雄株沙棘品种中，开花散粉期差异不大，在4月中下旬，杂雄优1号各项生长指标均高于其他2份雄株材料，树势最好，蒙古沙棘雄株树势最差。以生长指标、果实性状指标为衡量标准，构建隶属函数，通过综合指数计算，杂交沙棘亚种3个品种综合指数分别为2.634 2，2.720 0及1.113 2，高于蒙古沙棘与中国沙棘。因其树势强，产量高，晚熟挂果时间长等特点适宜作为黑龙江省经济林与经济生态林建设品种，蒙古沙棘因其果大，无刺可作为观光采摘园建设品种，而中国沙棘虽然果小，产量低，但抗逆性好易成活，适合作为生态林或者生态经济林建设用种。
- Abstract:
- In order to compare and analyze the growth performance of different subspecies of sea buckthorn and screen excellent sea buckthorn varieties, this study selected three sea buckthorn subspecies including Mongolian sea buckthorn subspecies, hybrid sea buckthorn subspecies, and Chinese sea buckthorn subspecies. Nine typical excellent sea buckthorn varieties (lines) were selected from each subspecies, including two female plant varieties and one male plant variety. By comparing their phenological period, growth traits, fruit traits and other indicators, and calculating the comprehensive index E value, and using the main planted variety Shenqiuhong as a control, we screened excellent sea buckthorn varieties (lines) suitable for planting in the black soil area of Heilongjiang Province. The research results showed that compared with the control variety Shenqiuhong, the hybrid seabuckthorn subspecies,Wanhuang and Xuri matured in mid to early September, with the highest single plant yield of 7.26 and 6.88 kg, respectively. After entering the fruiting period, various growth indicators were similar to those of the control variety， had good vigor. Chinese seabuckthorn subspecies ZX2019-01 and ZX2019-02 matured in mid to late August, with the lowest single plant yields of 0.45 and 0.38 kg, respectively. Their growth indicators were lower than those of hybrid seabuckthorn and control varieties, and their tree vigor was poor. The mid to early maturing subspecies of Mongolian seabuckthorn, Qiuyisike matureed as early as early August, with large fruits and low yield. The yield per plant was lower than that of the control and hybrid varieties, at 1.54 kg, and the tree vigor was the worst. All growth indicators were lower than other materials. Among the three male seabuckthorn varieties, there was not much difference in the flowering and pollen dispersal period. In mid to late April, the growth indicators of Zaxiongyou 1 was higher than those of the other two male plant materials, with the best tree vigor and the worst tree vigor of Mongolian seabuckthorn male plants. Using growth indicators and fruit trait indicators as measurement standards, a membership function was constructed. Through comprehensive index calculation, the comprehensive indices of the three varieties of hybrid seabuckthorn subspecies were 2.634 2, 2.720 0, and 1.113 2, respectively, which were higher than those of Mongolian seabuckthorn and Chinese seabuckthorn. Due to its strong tree vigor, high yield, and long late ripening and fruiting time, it is suitable as a variety for the construction of economic and ecological forests in our province. Mongolian sea buckthorn, with its large fruit and no thorns, can be used as a variety for the construction of tourist picking gardens, while Chinese sea buckthorn, although with small fruit and low yield, has good stress resistance and is easy to survive, making it suitable as a species for the construction of ecological forests or ecological economic forests.
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备注/Memo
收稿日期：2024-08-22