GAO Pan,WANG Yuxian,LI Xinjie,et al.Effects of Straw Returning and Nitrogen Fertilizer Application on Soil Nutrients, Nitrogen Fertilizer Utilization Efficiency, and Maize Yield in Semi-Arid Areas[J].HEILONGJIANG AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES,2024,(10):1-7.[doi:10.11942/j.issn1002-2767.2024.10.0001]
半干旱区秸秆还田配施氮肥对土壤养分、氮肥利用率及玉米产量的影响
- Title:
- Effects of Straw Returning and Nitrogen Fertilizer Application on Soil Nutrients, Nitrogen Fertilizer Utilization Efficiency, and Maize Yield in Semi-Arid Areas
- 文章编号:
- 1
- Keywords:
- returning straw to the field; nitrogen fertilizer; total nutrients; nitrogen fertilizer utilization efficiency; yield
- 文献标志码:
- A
- 摘要:
- 为探究秸秆还田配施氮肥对玉米氮肥利用率及产量的影响，以黑龙江省农业科学院齐齐哈尔分院肥料长期定位试验田为研究对象，研究CK（常规种植）、秸秆还田不配施氮肥(SR+N0)、秸秆还田分别配施氮肥262.5 kg·hm-2(SR+N1)、300.0 kg·hm-2(SR+N2)、337.5 kg·hm-2(SR+N3)、375.0 kg·hm-2(SR+N4)、412.5 kg·hm-2(SR+N5)、450.0 kg·hm-2(SR+N6)和487.5 kg·hm-2(SR+N7)等处理对土壤全量养分、化学计量特征、氮肥农学效率、氮肥偏生产力、氮肥利用率及玉米产量的影响进行分析。结果表明，与CK相比，SR+N5（秸秆还田+增施10%氮肥）和SR+N6（秸秆还田+增施20%氮肥）处理对土壤全氮、全磷的累积最佳，SR+N4（秸秆还田+常规施肥）处理全钾含量最高，SR+N5处理的土壤有机碳含量提高了3.24%。SR+N6和SR+N7（秸秆还田+增施30%氮肥）处理的土壤C/N较CK降低了20%以上，SR+N4处理 C/P值最高；SR+N5处理的C/K、N/K和 P/K值均有所提升。SR+N2（秸秆还田+减施20%氮肥）处理氮肥农学效率、氮肥偏生产力、氮肥利用率提升最为明显，与对照CK相比，氮肥农学效率、氮肥偏生产力、氮肥利用率分别提高了21.14%、22.72%和0.04%。秸秆还田下，当地推荐施氮量加20%(450.0 kg·hm-2)产量最高。秸秆还田的基础上配施氮肥对玉米产量的影响呈二次函数关系，在秸秆还田配施氮肥用量为450.0 kg·hm-2时，继续加大氮肥配施量会抑制玉米的产量。综合考虑，增氮20%(450.0 kg·hm-2)可作为协调半干旱区秸秆还田下春玉米产量的合理选择。
- Abstract:
- In order to investigate the effect of straw returning with nitrogen fertilizer on the nitrogen utilization efficiency and yield of maize, this experiment took the fertilizer long-term positioning experimental field of Qiqihar Branch of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences as the research object. CK (conventional planting), straw returning without nitrogen fertilizer (SR+N0), and straw returning with nitrogen fertilizer 262.5 kg·ha-1(SR+N1), 300.0 kg·ha-1(SR+N2), 337.5 kg·ha-1(SR+N3), 375.0 kg·ha-1(SR+N4), 412.5 kg·ha-1(SR+N5), 450.0 kg·ha-1(SR+N6)， 487.5 kg·ha-1(SR+N7) were applied respectively.The effects of nitrogen fertilizer treatments on soil total nutrients, chemical stoichiometry characteristics, nitrogen fertilizer agronomic efficiency, nitrogen fertilizer partial productivity, nitrogen fertilizer utilization efficiency, and yield were analyzed. The results showed that compared with CK, the SR+N5 and SR+N6 treatments of straw returning+10% nitrogen fertilizer and straw returning+20% nitrogen fertilizer application had the best accumulation of soil total nitrogen and phosphorus. The SR+N4 (straw returning+conventional fertilization) treatment had the highest total potassium content, and the SR+N5 treatment increased soil organic carbon content by 3.24%. The soil C/N value of SR+N6 (straw returning+20% nitrogen fertilizer application) and SR+N7 (straw returning+30% nitrogen fertilizer application) treatments decreased by more than 20% compared to CK, while SR+N4 (straw returning+conventional fertilization) treatment had the highest C/P value; The C/K, N/K, and P/K values of SR+N5 treatment were all improved. The SR+N2 treatment showed the most significant improvement in the agronomic efficiency, partial productivity, and utilization efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer. Compared with the control CK, the agronomic efficiency, partial productivity, and utilization efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer increased by 21.14%, 22.72%, and 0.04%, respectively. Returning straw to the field, the highest yield can be achieved with a recommended nitrogen application rate of 20% (450.0 kg·ha-1) locally. The effect of applying nitrogen fertilizer on maize yield on the basis of returning straw to the field shows a quadratic function relationship. When the amount of nitrogen fertilizer applied to straw returning was 450.0 kg·ha-1, increasing the amount of nitrogen fertilizer will inhibit maize yield. Taking all factors into consideration, a 20% increase in nitrogen (450 kg·ha-1) can be a reasonable choice for coordinating the yield of spring maize under straw returning in Semi-Arid Areas.
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备注/Memo
收稿日期：2024-06-24