DONG Wen-jun,MENG Ying,ZHANG Jun,et al.Analysis of Comprehensive Effects of Unpowered Puddling Under Straw Returning in Northeast Japonica Rice Area[J].HEILONGJIANG AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES,2021,(05):8-13.[doi:10.11942/j.issn1002-2767.2021.05.0008]
东北粳稻区秸秆还田下无驱动搅浆的综合效果分析
- Title:
- Analysis of Comprehensive Effects of Unpowered Puddling Under Straw Returning in Northeast Japonica Rice Area
- Keywords:
- northeast japonica rice area; straw returning; unpowered puddling; soil physical properties; rice grain yield; improvement of saline alkali soil
- 文献标志码:
- A
- 摘要:
- 秸秆还田是东北地区水稻秸秆综合利用的一种主要方式，对盐碱地改良起到重要的作用。在秸秆粉碎均匀抛撒以及合理整地的基础上，搅浆环节对于防止水稻秸秆漂浮起到至关重要的作用。为促进水稻生产中秸秆还田条件下搅浆平地机具的合理选择，本文在秸秆还田和秋整地的基础上，通过完全随机区组试验比较了有动力搅浆和无驱动搅浆方式对水稻产量及土壤物理性质的影响。结果表明：与有动力搅浆相比，无驱动搅浆的土面下降高度和秸秆漂浮量分别显著降低37.9%和33.7%，秧苗的新生白根数显著增加16.2%，>2 000 μm和250～2 000 μm土壤大团聚体所占的比例分别显著提高了17.7%和75.0%，土壤微团聚体（53～250 μm）的比例显著提高了50.6%，而土壤粘粉粒（<53 μm）的比例显著降低了17.0%。与有动力搅浆相比，无驱动搅浆可使0～40 cm土层的土壤容重降低2.1%～7.8%，但差异均不显著，降低土壤穿透阻力，但可提高0～30 cm土层的砂粒所占比例。有动力搅浆与无驱动搅浆的水稻籽粒产量无显著性差异。综上所述，无驱动搅浆可以有效抑制搅浆后的秸秆漂浮，改善土壤物理性质，且不影响水稻产量，是秸秆还田下稻田搅浆方式的理想选择。
- Abstract:
- Straw returning is the a main way of rice straw comprehensive utilization in Northeast China,it plays an important role in the improvement of saline-alkali land.On the basis of straw smashing and evenly throwing,as well as reasonable soil preparation,the puddling plays an important role in preventing the floating of rice straw.In order to promote the rational selection of the puddling machine under straw returning in rice production,based on straw returning and soil preparation in autumn.In this study,a field experiment was performed through completely randomized block design to investigate the impacts of powered and unpowered puddling ways on rice grain yields and soil physical properties.The results showed that,compared with the powered puddling,unpowered puddling significantly decreased the drawdown depth of soil surface and floating amount of rice straw by 37.9% and 33.7%,respectively,and significantly increased the number of new white roots of seedlings by 16.2%.After unpowered puddling,the proportions of two kinds large soil aggregates significantly increased 17.7% (>2 000) μm and 75.0% (250-2 000 μm),respectively,the proportion of soil micro-aggregates (53-250 μm) significantly increased 50.6%,and soil clay-silt fractions (<53 μm) significantly reduced 17.0%.Besides,the unpowered puddling reduced the soil bulk density of 0-40 cm depth by 2.1%-7.8% with insignificant difference.The unpowered puddling decreased the soil penetration resistance and enhanced the proportion of sand in 0-30 cm soil layer.There was no significant difference in grain yields between the two puddling ways.In summary,the unpowered puddling could effectively suppress the floating of straw after puddling,improve soil physical properties with no effects on rice yields.Therefore,the unpowered puddling is an ideal puddling choice of rice straw returning.
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备注/Memo
收稿日期：2020-12-04