WEI Dan,KUANG En-jun,CHI Feng-qin,et al.Status and Protection Strategy of Black Soil Resources in Northeast of China[J].HEILONGJIANG AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES,2016,(01):158-161.[doi:10.11942/j.issn1002-2767.2016.01.0158]
东北黑土资源现状与保护策略
- Title:
- Status and Protection Strategy of Black Soil Resources in Northeast of China
- 文章编号:
- 1002-2767（2016）01-0158-04
- 分类号:
- S155.2+7
- 文献标志码:
- A
- 摘要:
- 东北黑土是世界上最宝贵的土壤资源，中国东北黑土作为世界四大黑土带之一，具有肥力高、结构良好、质地疏松、适宜农耕、适合农作物生长的特点。东北是我国重要的粮食主产区、最大的商品粮供给基地和绿色食品生产基地。为加强黑土保护和治理，依据多年研究成果，着重阐明了黑土的现状、退化原因及存在的问题：土壤微生物多样性下降、水土流失加剧、土壤有机质下降、黑土耕层变薄、土壤养分库容偏低。针对以上问题提出了制定黑土资源保护中长期规划，建立黑土保护与可持续利用长效机制，制定法律法规，启动国家黑土资源可持续利用与保护农业重大科学研究计划，针对黑土开发、利用与保育过程中的关键问题开展长期系统研究，设立黑土保护利用试验示范区，同时开展国际合作研究，进一步推动我国以东北为主体的黑土资源保护与战略发展。
- Abstract:
- As one of the four large black soil regions of the world,northeastern black soil region of China is one of the world’s most precious resources, which has high fertility, wellstructured, loose texture, farming, and suitable for crop growth.Northeastern black soil region is an important major grain producing areas of China, which is the largest supply base of commodity grain and green food production areas.In order to strengthen protection and management of black soil, based on years of research, the reasons and the problems existing in the current situation and degradation of black soil were emphatically expounded as following: the soil microbial diversity decrease, soil erosion, soil organic matter decrease, thinning of black soil top layer, low capacity of the soil nutrient.In order to solve above problems, the black soil resources protection long term plans were put forward, as well as establishing longterm effective mechanism of protection and sustainable utilization of black soil, formulating laws and regulations and starting the important agricultural scientific research plan for the national black soil resource sustainable utilization and protection,taking longterm system researches for the key problems of black soil development, utilization and protection.The black soil protection experimental demonstration area was set up, while promoting international cooperation research, further pushing the protection and development strategy of black soil resources in northeast of China.
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备注/Memo
收稿日期：2015-12-08基金项目：农业部行业专项资助（201303126）
第一作者简介：魏丹（1965-），女，黑龙江省嫩江县人，研究员，从事土壤肥力研究。E-mail：wd2087@163.com。