LI Weijie,WANG Rui,SUN Zhiling,et al.Response of Soybean Yield to Soil Nutrient Content in Huma County[J].HEILONGJIANG AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES,2024,(11):13-18.[doi:10.11942/j.issn1002-2767.2024.11.0013]
呼玛县大豆产量对土壤养分含量的响应
- Title:
- Response of Soybean Yield to Soil Nutrient Content in Huma County
- 文章编号:
- 3
- Keywords:
- Huma County; soybean; yield; nutrient grading; dependency rate
- 文献标志码:
- A
- 摘要:
- 为指导大兴安岭地区呼玛县大豆生产区域科学施肥，通过调查呼玛县呼玛镇、白银纳乡、北疆乡、金山乡、鸥浦乡、三卡乡和兴华乡7个乡镇50户农户大豆产量及土壤养分含量，分析评价农户产量水平及基于产量的土壤养分含量状况，并进行多年多点田间试验数据统计分析，初步建立该区域养分分级指标体系。结果表明，农户大豆产量平均值为2 052 kg·hm-2，产量处于很低 (< 1 050 kg·hm-2 )、较低 (1 050~1 650 kg·hm-2 )、中等 (1 650~2 250 kg·hm-2 )、较高 (2 250~2 850 kg·hm-2 )、很高 (≥2 850 kg·hm-2 ) 水平的农户数量占比分别为4%、10%、54%、30%和2%。土壤氮素(碱解氮)和磷素(有效磷) 以相对产量75%、80%、90%和95%，钾素(速效钾)以相对产量80%、85%、90%和95%为界限划分为低、较低、中、较高和高5个肥力等级，调查区土壤碱解氮各等级占比分别为3.23%、6.45%、32.26%、38.71%和19.35%，土壤有效磷各养分等级占比分别为10.71%、14.29%、42.85%、17.86%和14.29%，土壤速效钾各养分等级数据占比分别为16.00%、12.00%、24.00%、24.00%和24.00%。NE-N处理大豆产量对土壤养分的依存率最高，为80.34%，氮素是影响大豆产量的关键因素。NE处理大豆产量对土壤养分的依存率最低，为73.94%。综上所述，合理施用氮磷钾能提高大豆产量，降低土壤养分的依存率，有利于培肥土壤。
- Abstract:
- In order toguide scientific fertilization in the soybean production area of Huma County in the Daxing′anling Mountain region, a survey was conducted on the soybean yield and soil nutrient content of 50 households in 7 townships including Huma Town, Baiyinna Township, Beijiang Township, Jinshan Township, Oupu Township, Sanka Township, and Xinghua Township. The yield level of farmers and the soil nutrient content based on yield were analyzed and evaluated, and years of multi-point field experiment data were statistically analyzed to establish a preliminary nutrient grading index system for the region. The results showed that the average soybean yield of farmers was 2 052 kg·ha-1. The proportion of farmers with very low (<1 050 kg·ha-1), low (1 050－1 650 kg·ha-1), medium (1 650－2 250 kg·ha-1), high (2 250－2 850 kg·ha-1), and very high (≥2 850 kg·ha-1) yields was 4%, 10%, 54%, 30%, and 2%, respectively. Soil nitrogen (alkaline nitrogen) and phosphorus (available phosphorus) are divided into five fertility levels based on relative yields of 75%, 80%, 90%, and 95%, while potassium (available potassium) is divided into low, low, medium, high, and high fertility levels based on relative yields of 80%, 85%, 90%, and 95%. The proportion of alkaline nitrogen levels in the surveyed area is 3.23%, 6.45%, 32.26%, 38.71%, and 19.35%, while the proportion of available phosphorus levels is 10.71%, 14.29%, 42.85%, 17.86%, and 14.29%. The proportion of available potassium levels in the soil is 16.00%, 12.00%, 24.00%, 24.00%, and 24.00%, respectively. The NE-N treatment showed the highest dependence rate of soybean yield on soil nutrients, at 80.34%, and nitrogen was the key factor affecting soybean yield. The dependency rate of soybean yield on soil nutrients in NE treatment was the lowest, at 73.94%. In summary, the rational application of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium can increase soybean yield, reduce soil nutrient dependence, and promote soil fertility.
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备注/Memo
收稿日期：2024-06-24