GAO Chongyou.Effects of Spraying Different Exogenous Materials on the Yield and Quality of Three High Quality Hybrid Rice Varieties[J].HEILONGJIANG AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES,2024,(05):7-13.[doi:10.11942/j.issn1002-2767.2024.05.0007]
喷施不同外源物质对三个优质杂交稻产量和品质的影响
- Title:
- Effects of Spraying Different Exogenous Materials on the Yield and Quality of Three High Quality Hybrid Rice Varieties
- 文章编号:
- 2
- Keywords:
- high-quality rice; chalkiness; milled rice rate; brassinolide; selenium
- 文献标志码:
- A
- 摘要:
- 为了在水稻生产中合理利用外源物质，缓解优质杂交稻精米率低，种植效益不高，制约优质稻产业发展的瓶颈问题。以油菜素内酯、硒肥和硅肥等及其不同配组为处理，研究叶面喷施对隆两优534、徽两优丝苗和湘早籼45号优质稻产量和品质的影响。结果表明，除Si+Se喷施导致徽两优丝苗减产外，其余不同处理组合均显著增产，其中Se处理增产最多，其次是BR和Si+BR处理。Se处理下，隆两优534增产效果最佳，有效穗最高，为267.0万穗·hm-2，穗实粒数最多，为173.4，结实率最高，为86.4%，增产率最高，为9.76%。外观品质和蒸煮品质Se处理均最好，其次是Si和Si+BR处理。3个品种中隆两优534外观品质和蒸煮品质最佳，糙米率最高，为79.8%，整精米率最高，为65.8%，垩白度较低，为0.6%，且透明度最好，为1.0级，碱消值较高，为6.4级，胶稠度较大，为69 mm，直链淀粉含量较低，为13.1%。隆两优534在Se处理下净增收和产出投入比均最高，分别为148.875元·（667 m2）-1和15.14，其次为BR处理、Se+BR和Si+BR处理。综合考虑外观品质、蒸煮品质和增收效果，硒肥处理效果最佳，其次是Si+BR处理。本研究发现，喷施外源物质可有效改善优质杂交稻的产量、品质，该方法投入较少，增产效果显著，可有效增加优质杂交稻的种植效益，且便于规模化推广应用，有利于促进水稻产业发展。
- Abstract:
- In order to make rational use of leaf fertilizer in rice production, the bottleneck problems of low milled rice rate and low planting efficiency of high-quality hybrid rice were alleviated, which restricted the development of high-quality rice industry. Brassinolide, selenium fertilizer, silicon fertilizer, and their different combinations were used as the treatment groups to study the effects of foliar spraying on the yield and quality of high-quality rice varieties, including Longliangyou 534, Huiliangyousimiao, and Xiangzaoxian 45. The results showed that except for Si+Se spraying, which resulted in a decrease in yield of Xiangzaoxian 45, other different treatment combinations significantly increased yield, with selenium fertilizer treatment increasing the yield the most, followed by BR and Si+BR treatments. Under the treatment of selenium fertilizer, Longliangyou 534 had the best yield increase effect, with the highest effective panicle of 2.670 million per hectare, the highest grain number per panicle of 173.4, the highest seed setting rate of 86.4%, and the highest yield increase rate of 9.76%. The appearance quality and cooking quality of selenium fertilizer treatment were the best, followed by Si and Si+BR treatment. Among the three varieties, Longliangyou 534 had the the best results of appearance quality and cooking quality, with the highest brown rice rate of 79.8%, the highest head milled rice rate of 65.8%, the lowest chalkiness rate of 0.6% and the best transparency level of 1.0, the alkalinity spreading value was 6.4, the gel consistency was 69 mm, and the amylose content was 13.1%. The net income increase and input-output ratio of Longliangyou 534 were the highest under Se treatment, with values of 148.875 yuan·(667 m2) -1 and 15.14, respectively, followed by the treatment of BR, Se+BR and Si+BR. Taking into account the appearance quality, cooking quality, and revenue enhancement effect, selenium fertilizer treatment had the best effect, followed by Si+BR treatment. This study found that spraying foliar fertilizer can effectively improve the yield and quality of high-quality hybrid rice. This method had less investment and significant yield increase effects, which can effectively increase the planting efficiency of high-quality hybrid rice and facilitate large-scale promotion and application, effectively promoting the development of the rice industry.
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备注/Memo
收稿日期：2023-11-12