DING Qinghua,XU Pan,MENG Xiaoli,et al.Effect of Combined Application of Biogas Slurry and Chemical Fertilizer on Maize Growth and Soil Nutrients[J].HEILONGJIANG AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES,2026,(04):7-15.[doi:10.11942/j.issn1002-2767.2026.04.0007]
沼液与化肥配施对玉米生长及土壤养分的影响
- Title:
- Effect of Combined Application of Biogas Slurry and Chemical Fertilizer on Maize Growth and Soil Nutrients
- 文章编号:
- 2
- Keywords:
- bogas slurry replacing chemical fertilizer; yield; maize; growth and development; soil nutrients; benefit analysis
- 文献标志码:
- A
- 摘要:
- 为促进沼液应用于标准化种植作物,对沼液与化肥配施技术展开探究,共设置了 2个对照和5 个底肥处理,分别为T0(不施肥对照)、T1[40 kg·(666.67 m2)-1化肥对照]、T2(30%沼液+70%化肥)、T3(50%沼液+50%化肥)、T4(70%沼液+30%化肥)、T5(100%沼液)、T6(200%沼液)。追肥T2~T6处理均施用相同质量的沼液,化肥对照组施用同等营养成分的化肥,不施肥对照组不施用任何追肥。研究发现沼液配施化肥对玉米茎粗和叶片 SPAD 值影响显著,T3处理玉米茎粗达2.89 cm(较化肥对照增粗547%),T2~T4处理的SPAD值均高于化肥对照组10%以上,株高变化不显著。与化肥对照相比,沼液替代化肥各处理能显著提升玉米双穗数、减少空秆数、降低秃尖率并缩短秃尖长度,其中T3处理效果最好。产量方面,T3和T4处理的百粒重及产量均高于化肥对照,T3处理产量最高,达784.5 kg·(667 m2)-1,较化肥对照处理增产36.3 kg·(667 m2)-1。在土壤养分方面,适量沼液与化肥配施有助于维持土壤pH稳定,缓解酸化,降低盐渍化风险,增加碱解氮和有机质含量。经济效益分析表明,T3处理减投增收207.6元·(667 m2)-1,综合效益最优。研究建议采用底肥沼肥与化肥各50%配施、追肥全部用沼液替代的方式,且沼液用量不宜超过11 t·(667 m2)-1,以实现玉米生长、土壤改良及经济效益的协同优化。
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备注/Memo
收稿日期:2025-09-01 基金项目:潍坊市科技发展计划(2022ZJ1036);山东省重点研发计划(2023TZXD029);国家自然科学基金(52306228)。 第一作者:丁清华(1990-),女,硕士,讲师,从事农业废弃物高值化利用研究。E-mail:1064531315@qq.com。 通信作者:罗立娜(1984-),女,博士,副教授,从事农业废弃物生物转化与利用装备研究。E-mail:luolina@neau.edu.cn。
