[1]宋秀丽,林小娟,王冰雪,等.不同种植方式对土壤理化性质及玉米生长的影响[J].黑龙江农业科学,2021,(03):7-15.[doi:10.11942/j.issn1002-2767.2021.03.0007]
　SONG Xiu-li,LIN Xiao-juan,WANG Bing-xue,et al.Effects of Different Planting Methods on Soil Physical and Chemical Properties and Maize Growth[J].HEILONGJIANG AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES,2021,(03):7-15.[doi:10.11942/j.issn1002-2767.2021.03.0007]
点击复制

不同种植方式对土壤理化性质及玉米生长的影响

《黑龙江农业科学》[ISSN:1002-2767/CN:23-1204/S] 卷: 期数: 2021年03 页码: 7-15 栏目: 出版日期: 2021-03-10
Title:
Effects of Different Planting Methods on Soil Physical and Chemical Properties and Maize Growth
作者:
宋秀丽1; 林小娟1; 王冰雪2; 靳晓燕3; 庞爱国3; 于晓波3; 孙士明3
1.岭南师范学院，广东 湛江 524048；2.黑龙江省农业科学院 齐齐哈尔分院，黑龙江 齐齐哈尔 161006；3.黑龙江省农业机械工程科学研究院，黑龙江 哈尔滨 150081
Author(s):
SONG Xiu-li1; LIN Xiao-juan1; WANG Bing-xue2; JIN Xiao-yan3; PANG Ai-guo3; YU Xiao-bo3; SUN Shi-ming3
1.Lingnan Normal University,Zhanjiang 524048，China；2.Qiqihar Branch，Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Qiqihar 161006，China;3.Heilongjiang Agricultural Machinery Engineering Research Institute,Harbin 150081， China
关键词:
耕作模式; 土壤理化性质; 玉米生长; 半干旱农业区
Keywords:
cultivation mode;  soil physical and chemical properties;  corn growth;  semiarid agricultural area
DOI:
10.11942/j.issn1002-2767.2021.03.0007
文献标志码:
A
摘要:
黑龙江省西部半干旱区水土流失严重，春季玉米生长环境恶劣，为了改善土壤理化性质、促进玉米增产，研究分析深松、深松秸秆还田、深翻秸秆还田和旋耕对春季土壤理化指标和玉米生长发育的影响。结果表明：深松秸秆还田能够显著增加土壤水分和＞0.25 mm土壤团粒结构占比。深翻秸秆还田能够显著增加有机质含量，降低土壤容重和pH。在苗期深松秸秆还田玉米根长、根条数、根干重、株高、茎粗、叶面积和植株干重最高。在拔节期深翻秸秆还田玉米根长、根条数、根干重、株高、茎粗、叶面积和植株干重最高。与旋耕相比，秋季深松秸秆还田和深翻秸秆还田玉米产量分别增加了2.8%和4.1%。苗期根条数的增加能够显著影响苗期茎粗、苗期植株干重。拔节期根长对拔节期株高影响显著。拔节期根干重与拔节期茎粗显著相关。>0.25 mm团粒结构利于土壤中有效磷的积累，而pH的增加不利于土壤中有机质的积累，土壤含水量的增加可以增加土壤中碱解氮、速效钾的含量。
Abstract:
The soil and water loss is serious in the semi-arid area of Western Heilongjiang Province.In order to improve soil physical and chemical properties and increase maize yield,the effects of subsoiling,subsoiling straw returning,deep plowing straw returning and rotary tillage on soil physical and chemical properties and maize growth and development in spring were studied.The results showed that subsoiling straw returning significantly increased soil moisture and > 0.25 mm soil aggregate structure in subsoiling straw returning.Soil organic matter content increased significantly,soil bulk density and pH decreased significantly in deep plowing straw returning.At seedling stage,the root length,root number,root dry weight,plant height,stem diameter,leaf area and plant drying weight of maize were the highest in subsoiling straw returning .At the jointing stage,the root number,root dry weight,plant height,stem diameter,leaf area and plant dry weight were the highest in deep plowing straw returning.Compared with rotary tillage,maize yield in subsoiling straw returning and deep plowing straw returning increased by 2.8% and 4.1% in autumn.The increase of root number at seedling stage could significantly affect the stem diameter and dry weight at seedling stage.Root length at jointing stage had significant effect on plant height at jointing stage.There was a significant correlation between root dry weight and stem diameter at jointing stage.>0.25 mm aggregate structure was beneficial to the accumulation of available phosphorus in soil,while the increase of pH was not conducive to the accumulation of organic matter in soil.The increase of soil water content could increase the content of alkali hydrolyzable nitrogen and available potassium in soil.

参考文献/References:

［1］王绍强,朱松丽.中国土壤有机碳库及空间分布特征分析[J].地理学报,2000,55(5):533-544.

［2］吴建国,张小全,徐德应.土地利用变化对土壤有机碳贮量的影响[J]．应用生态学报,2004,15(4):593-599.
［3］赵亚丽，郭海斌，薛志伟,等．耕作方式与秸秆还田对土壤微生物数量，酶活性及作物产量的影响[J].应用生态学报,2015,26(6):1785-1792.
［4］柴如山,安之冬,马超,等.我国主要粮食作物秸秆钾养分资源量及还田替代钾肥潜力[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2020,26(2)：201-211.
［5］Murphy R P,Montes-Molina,Joaquin A,et al.Crop residue retention enhances soil properties and nitrogen cycling in smallholder maize systems of Chiapas,Mexico[J].Applied Soil Ecology,2016,103:110-116.
［6］Hamido S A,Kpomblekou A K.Cover crop and tillage effects on soil enzyme activities following tomato[J].Soil & Tillage Research,2009,105(2):269-274.
［7］Bunna S,Sinath P,Makara O,et al.Effects of straw mulch on mungbean yield in rice fields with strongly compacted soils[J].Field Crops Research,2011,124(3):295-301.
［8］贾凤梅,张淑花,魏雅冬.不同耕作方式下玉米农田土壤养分及土壤微生物活性变化[J].水土保持研究,2018(5):112-117.
［9］程思贤,刘卫玲,靳英杰,等.深松深度对砂姜黑土耕层特性、作物产量和水分利用效率的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,2018,26(9):1355-1365.
［10］鲁如坤.土壤农业化学分析方法[M].北京：中国农业科技出版社,2000.
［11］胡诚，曹志平，叶钟年,等．不同的土壤培肥措施对低肥力农田土壤微生物生物量碳的影响[J]．生态学报，2006,26(3):808-814.
［12］张洋.不同种植模式对黑土理化性质及玉米生长发育的影响[D].长春：吉林农业大学,2017.
［13］王秀领,阎旭东,徐玉鹏,等.不同耕作方式对春玉米土壤水分及夏玉米生长产量的影响[J].玉米科学，2017,25(3)：87-93.
［14］冯浩,刘匣,余坤,等.不同覆盖方式对土壤水热与夏玉米生长的影响[J].农业机械学报,2016,47(12):192-202.
［15］战秀梅，彭靖，李秀龙,等.耕作及秸秆还田方式对春玉米产量及土壤理化性状的影响[J].华北农学报，2014,29(3):204-209.
［16］张瑞富,杨恒山,高聚林,等.深松促进春玉米干物质和磷素的积累与转运[J].农业工程学报,2016,32(19):106-112.
［17］杨敏芳，朱利群，韩新忠,等．耕作措施与秸秆还田对稻麦两熟制农田土壤养分、微生物生物量及酶活性的影响[J]．水土保持学报，2013,27(2):272-275.
［18］沈明林.砂姜黑土区不同麦秸还田方式对夏玉米生育及产量的影响[D].合肥：安徽农业大学,2011.
［19］隋凯强,付丽亚,韩伟,等.不同耕作深度下调控水肥对玉米生长状况的影响[J].华北农学报，2018,33(6): 212-218.
［20］Guan D H，Al-Kaisi M M，Zhang Y，et al.Tillage practices affect biomass and grain yield through regulating root growth ,root-bleeding sap and nutrients uptake in summer maize[J].Field Crops Research,2014,157：89-97.
［21］Mu X Y，Zhao Y L，Liu K，et al.Responses of soil properties，root growth and crop yield to tillage and crop residue management in a wheat-maize cropping system on the North China plain[J].European Journal of Agronomy,2016，78：32-43.
［22］Wang X B，Zhou B Y，Sun X F，et al.Soil tillage management affects maize grain yield by regulating spatial distribution coordination of roots，soil moisture and nitrogen status[J].PloS One，2015，10：29-31.
［23］张宇飞,刘立志,马昱萱,等.耕作和秸秆还田方式对玉米产量及钾素积累转运的影响[J].作物杂志,2019(2): 122-127.
［24］马阳,吴敏,王艳群,等.不同耕作施肥方式对夏玉米氮素利用及土壤容重的影响[J].水土保持学报,2019,33(5):171-176.
［25］李忠佩,张桃林,陈碧云.可溶性有机碳的含量动态及其与土壤有机碳矿化的关系[J]．土壤学报，2004,41（4）:544-552．
［26］周莉，李保国，周广胜．土壤有机碳的主导影响因子及其研究进展[J]．地球科学进展，2005，20(1)：99-105．
［27］张洋.不同种植模式对黑土理化性质及玉米生长发育的影响[D].长春：吉林农业大学,2017.
［28］郑洪兵.耕作方式对土壤环境及玉米生长发育的影响[D].沈阳：沈阳农业大学,2018.
［29］田肖肖.保护性耕作方式对夏玉米生长及水氮利用的影响[D].咸阳：西北农林科技大学,2016.

相似文献/References:

[1]孙羽,冯延江,王麒,等.玉米茬原垄卡种大豆对其生长及产量的影响[J].黑龙江农业科学,2014,(03):26.
　SUN Yu,FENG Yan jiang,WANG Qi,et al.Effect of Original Ridge Tillage on the Growth and Yield of Soybean[J].HEILONGJIANG AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES,2014,(03):26.
[2]杜茜,马琨.马铃薯连作对土壤理化性质及酶活性的影响[J].黑龙江农业科学,2013,(05):20.
　DU Qian,MA Kun.Effect of Potato Continuous Cropping on Soil Physicochemical Properties and Soil Enzyme Activity[J].HEILONGJIANG AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES,2013,(03):20.
[3]潘磊,张淑艳.贡格尔草原不同退化梯度土壤理化性质分析[J].黑龙江农业科学,2013,(06):18.
　PANLei,ZHANGShu-yan.SoilPhysicochemicalCharacteristicsAnalysisunder DifferentDegreesofDegradationGrasslandinGongge’er[J].HEILONGJIANG AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES,2013,(03):18.
[4]邵珊珊,石绍河,陈维元,等.不同耕作模式对大豆农艺性状、产量及经济效益的影响[J].黑龙江农业科学,2018,(05):1.[doi:10.11942/j.issn1002-2767.2018.05.0001]
　SHAO Shan-shan,SHI Shao-he,CHEN Wei-yuan,et al.Effects of Different Tillage Patterns on Soybean Agronomic Traits，Yield and Profitability[J].HEILONGJIANG AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES,2018,(03):1.[doi:10.11942/j.issn1002-2767.2018.05.0001]
[5]陈久红,鲁晓燕,李永丰,等.生草对库尔勒香梨梨园土壤理化性质的影响[J].黑龙江农业科学,2019,(07):71.[doi:10.11942/j.issn1002-2767.2019.07.0071]
　CHEN Jiu-hong,LU Xiao-yan,LI Yong-feng,et al.Effects of Grass-Growing on Soil Physical and Chemical Characteristics of ‘Korla Fragrant Pear’ Orchard[J].HEILONGJIANG AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES,2019,(03):71.[doi:10.11942/j.issn1002-2767.2019.07.0071]
[6]高盼,徐莹莹,王宇先,等.深松对松嫩平原苏打盐碱地土壤理化性质和玉米产量的影响[J].黑龙江农业科学,2022,(07):20.[doi:10.11942/j.issn1002-2767.2022.07.0020]
　GAO Pan,XU Ying-ying,WANG Yu-xian,et al.Effects of Subsoiling on Soil Physical and Chemical Properties of Soda Saline Alkali Land and Maize Yield in Songnen Plain[J].HEILONGJIANG AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES,2022,(03):20.[doi:10.11942/j.issn1002-2767.2022.07.0020]
[7]张雷,邱路凡,皇甫辉远,等.长期耕作活动对大庆和绥化地区黑土理化性质的影响[J].黑龙江农业科学,2023,(04):18.[doi:10.11942/j.issn1002-2767.2023.04.0018]
　ZHANG Lei,QIU Lufan,HUANGFU Huiyuan,et al.Effects of Long-Term Tillage Activities on Physical and Chemical Properties of Black Soil in Suihua and Daqing[J].HEILONGJIANG AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES,2023,(03):18.[doi:10.11942/j.issn1002-2767.2023.04.0018]
[8]胡沙沙,胡海军,吴映霞,等.生物炭对连作障碍影响的研究进展[J].黑龙江农业科学,2023,(09):143.[doi:10.11942/j.issn1002-2767.2023.09.0143]
　HU Shasha,HU Haijun,WU Yingxia,et al.Research Progress on the Effects of Biochar on Continuous Cropping Obstacles[J].HEILONGJIANG AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES,2023,(03):143.[doi:10.11942/j.issn1002-2767.2023.09.0143]
[9]常博然,陈茹岚,薛会英.西藏地区不同生态系统土壤理化特征及脆弱生态区保护与修复[J].黑龙江农业科学,2024,(02):113.[doi:10.11942/j.issn1002-2767.2024.02.0113]
　CHANG Boran,CHEN Rulan,XUE Huiying.Soil Physical and Chemical Characteristics of Different Ecosystems in Xizang and Protection and Restoration of Vulnerable Ecological Areas[J].HEILONGJIANG AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES,2024,(03):113.[doi:10.11942/j.issn1002-2767.2024.02.0113]

备注/Memo

收稿日期：2020-11-07

基金项目：广东省基础与应用基础研究基金区域联合基金青年基金（2019A1515110888）；国家重点研发计划“大型机械耕整播种作业对土壤质构和作物生长影响机理研究”（2016YFD070030103）; 岭南师范学院人才专项（ZL2044）。
第一作者：宋秀丽（1984-），女，博士，讲师，从事作物栽培学与耕作学研究。E-mail：songxiuli5251@163.com。
通信作者:孙士明（1966-）， 男，学士，研究员，从事农业机械化研究。E-mail：ssmmok@126.com。

更新日期/Last Update: 2021-03-26