[J].HEILONGJIANG AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES,2020,(09):1-8.[doi:10.11942/j.issn1002-2767.2020.09.0001]
生态区对不同熟期玉米品种生长发育与有效积温生产效率的影响
- 文献标志码:
- A
- 摘要:
- 东北和华北是我国重要的两大玉米种植区域,为促进玉米品种科学布局与推广,本研究以不同熟期的9个玉米品种为试验材料,于2014和2015年在哈尔滨和北京同步开展试验,研究不同热量资源下极早熟、中早熟和中晚熟品种的生长发育进程、积温需求及积温利用特征。结果表明:在热量资源充沛的北京,玉米营养生长和生殖生长阶段的积温需求随熟期延长呈递增趋势,而在热量资源有限的哈尔滨,营养生长阶段积温需求随品种熟期延长而增加,而生殖生长阶段积温随熟期延长而减少,熟期较长的品种通过自我调节生殖生长阶段的热量需求,对热量资源不足做出响应与适应。在热量资源有限的哈尔滨,中早熟品种可正常成熟,同时最大限度利用热量资源,积温利用率平均92.64%,积温生产效率平均8.14 kg?hm-2?℃-1?d-1,而中晚熟品种存在不能正常成熟的风险;在热量资源充沛的北京,即使中晚熟品种,其积温利用率也仅有75.50%,积温生产效率平均7.19 kg?hm-2?℃-1?d-1,存在积温浪费现象;在哈尔滨地区,积温生产效率主要受播种至吐丝阶段的有效积温影响,而在北京地区,积温生产效率主要受出苗至成熟阶段的日平均气温影响。综上,东北春玉米区,为适应玉米全程机械化作业需求,不宜采用积温满贯型品种过度追求积温利用率,以留出100~130 ℃?d有效积温空间为宜;华北春玉米区可进一步提高积温利用率。
参考文献/References:
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备注/Memo
收稿日期:2020-05-20