CHEN Shu-qiang.Effect of Amount and Proportion of Nitrogen Application on Panicle Traits and Yield of Different Types of Rice[J].HEILONGJIANG AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES,2019,(06):40-46.[doi:10.11942/j.issn1002-2767.2019.06.0040]
施氮量和比例对不同类型水稻品种穗部性状和产量的影响
- Title:
- Effect of Amount and Proportion of Nitrogen Application on Panicle Traits and Yield of Different Types of Rice
- Keywords:
- cold region; rice; nitrogen supply methods; yield; panicle traits
- 文献标志码:
- A
- 摘要:
- 为明确施氮量和比例对寒地不同类型水稻产量和穗部性状的影响，利用多蘖小穗型品种空育131和少蘖大穗型品种超级稻龙粳21，设置3个用氮水平及4个基蘖肥与穗粒肥用氮比例，研究了氮肥运用对水稻产量和穗部性状的影响。结果表明：多蘖小穗型品种空育131在氮肥115 kg·hm-2水平下，基蘖肥与穗粒肥比例为8∶2的处理产量最高；而少蘖大穗型品种龙粳21在氮肥138 kg·hm-2水平下，基蘖肥与穗粒肥比例为7∶3的处理产量最高。空育131获高产的原因是群体穗数增多，群体颖花量增加，进而产量增加；龙粳21获高产的原因是每穗粒数增加，从而使群体颖花量增加，产量增加。氮肥农学利用率随着施氮量增加而逐渐降低，随着穗粒肥施用比例增多而升高。增加施氮量使穗长增加，每穗颖花数和受精颖花数增多，单穗重、着粒密度和经济系数增大。生育后期穗粒肥适宜比例将使少蘖大穗型品种的群体颖花量、库容量、群体库充实量、理论最大结实率、实际结实率、常年千粒重、实际千粒重和充实度增加。少蘖大穗型品种获得高产的关键是在栽培上要比多蘖小穗型品种适当的提高用氮量和增加后期用氮比例。
- Abstract:
- In order to clarify effects of nitrogen application regime on panicle traits and yield of different types of rice,more tillers and lighter panicle variety Kongyu 131 and less tillers and heavier panicle variety Longjing 21,was used in this study,the effects of nitrogen application on rice yield and panicle traits were studied by setting three nitrogen levels and four nitrogen ratios for tiller fertilizer.The results showed that Kongyu 131,a multi-tiller spikelet variety,had the highest yield when the ratio of base tiller fertilizer to panicle fertilizer was 8∶2 at 115 kg·hm-2 of nitrogen fertilizer.The main reason resulting in higher yield was that the panicles number increased in the population.It was the highest yield for less tillers and heavier panicle variety Longjing 21 that the nitrogen application was up to 138 kg·hm-2 and the base-spike nitrogen application ratio of 7∶3.The main reason resulting in higher yield was that and grain number per panicle and the higher number of total spikelets increased in the population.Increasing nitrogen application made panicle length,spikelet number,fertilized spikelet number,grain density,and harvest index increase.At late growth stage,appropriate ratio of the spike-grain nitrogen made total spikelets,sink capacity,total filling increase,theoretical maximum filled-grain percentage; actual filled-grain percentage,normal 1000-grain weight,actual 1000-grain weight and filling rate ascend for less tillers and heavier panicle variety.Compared with more tillers and lighter panicle variety,the key to high yield of less tillers and heavier panicle variety in production is to properly increase the nitrogen amount and the ratio of nitrogen use in later stage.
参考文献/References:
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备注/Memo
收稿日期：2018-12-11