DONG Zhi-chao,CHENG Quan-guo,LI Ye,et al.Determination and Potential Ecological Risk of Heavy Metals in Soils of Vegetable Greenhouse[J].HEILONGJIANG AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES,2018,(11):90-93.[doi:10.11942j.issn1002-2767.2018.11.0090]
设施蔬菜土壤重金属含量的测定及潜在生态风险研究
- Title:
- Determination and Potential Ecological Risk of Heavy Metals in Soils of Vegetable Greenhouse
- 文献标志码:
- A
- 摘要:
- 为深入研究设施蔬菜土壤中的重金属情况，通过采集辽宁省沈阳市周边地区设施农业农田土样及相应的地下水样品，分析了农田土壤中重金属含量的积累及对地下水污染程度以及潜在的生态风险。结果表明：土壤有机质平均值2.46%，硝态氮为75.87~91.49 mg?kg-1，速效磷为22.30~28.95 mg?kg-1，速效钾为54.51~125.90 mg?kg-1，硝态氮、速效磷和速效钾在设施土壤中出现了大量的累积，并且随着种植年限的增加，累积强度增大；设施农业区土壤尚未发生重金属污染超标现象；但棚内土壤重金属明显较高，设施农业区供试土壤样品镉均接近了临界值1 mg?kg-1，设施农业区灌溉用浅层地下水，重金属含量和部分营养盐的含量均低于国家地下水环境质量标准，但硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐含量偏高。铅含量较高，潜在生态风险达到中等。分析得出大量使用家禽粪便和含钙镁磷肥等复合肥导致土壤重金属的积累，并且随着种植年份的增加容易导致区域地下水富营养化。为有效地降低环境风险，建议适当降低施肥量，种植抗重金属污染能力较强的蔬菜。
- Abstract:
- In order to further study the heavy metals in vegetable soils,this paper analyzed the accumulation of heavy metal content in farmland soils and the degree of groundwater pollution and potential ecological risks by collecting soil samples of agricultural farmland and corresponding groundwater samples in the surrounding areas of Shenyang city,Liaoning province.The results showed that the average of organic fertilizer in soil was 2.46%,nitrate nitrogen was 75.87-91.49 mg?kg-1,available phosphorus was 22.30-28.95 mg?kg-1,and available potassium was 54.51-125.90 mg?kg-1.Nitrate nitrogen,available phosphorus and available potassium were heavy cumulated in soil of greenhouse vegetable．With the planting age increasing，the cumulative intensity was increased．The concentration of heavy metal pollution in the soil of facilities agricultural regions had been accumulated and obviously higher near to the soil quality standard of our country.The concentration of Cd was close to 1 mg?kg-1 value,part of shallow groundwater in facilities agriculture irrigation,the heavy metal content and nutrient content were lower than the state groundwater environmental quality standards,the concentration of nitrate and nitrite content had higher than background value.The potential ecological risk was moderate due to the high Pb content.The analysis showed that the use of a large number of compound fertilizers such as poultry manure and calcium-magnesium-phosphorus fertilizers leaded to the accumulation of heavy metals in the soil,and it was easy to lead to regional eutrophication with the increase of planting years.In order to reduce the environmental risk effectively,it is suggested to reduce the amount of fertilizer and plant vegetables with strong resistance to heavy metal pollution.
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备注/Memo
收稿日期：2018-06-24