KUANG En-jun,HAN Jin-ze,SUQing-rui,et al.Effect of Different Materials Covering on Temperature,Moisture and Water Use Efficiency of Maize[J].HEILONGJIANG AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES,2016,(06):26-30.[doi:10.11942/j.issn1002-2767.2016.06.0026]
不同材料覆盖对土壤温度、水分及玉米水分利用效率的影响
- Title:
- Effect of Different Materials Covering on Temperature,Moisture and Water Use Efficiency of Maize
- 文章编号:
- 1002-2767（2016）06-0026-05
- Keywords:
- maize; mulching; transpiration suppression; water use efficiency
- 分类号:
- S1520；S513
- 文献标志码:
- A
- 摘要:
- 为了选出适合嫩江县玉米生产的节水保墒、环保无污染的覆盖减蒸技术，采用随机区组试验，对比研究了秸秆整棵覆盖（处理1）、液体地膜地面喷洒（处理2）、光降解地膜覆盖（处理3）、聚乙烯地膜覆盖（处理4）、黄腐酸蒸腾抑制剂叶喷（处理5）等不同减蒸技术条件下土壤水分、温度的变化和玉米的水分利用效率及生长状况。结果表明：不同材料间水分差异较大，地表有覆盖物均可提高土壤含水量。拔节期，处理4、3、1覆盖的土壤水分都高于对照，依次高出8.2、6.0和3.0百分点，均达到差异显著水平（P<0.05）；灌浆期后，只有处理1与对照差异达到显著水平（P<0.05）。与对照相比，拔节期地膜覆盖提高土壤温度0.6~0.9℃，扬花期和蜡熟期秸秆覆盖降低温度1.0和0.5℃，FA（处理5）叶面喷施后玉米叶面蒸腾速率减少29.5%、气孔导度减少30.6%、净光合速率增加16.7%。拔节期的株高以处理4和处理3最高，与其它处理达到差异极显著水平（P<0.01），处理1最低。处理3和处理4的产量与其它处理达到差异极显著水平（P<0.01），比对照增产18.3%和17.6%；处理1造成了减产，减产幅度为6.20%。水分利用效率与产量呈正相关趋势，最高的为处理3和处理4，分别比对照提高了19.0%和18.1%；水分利用率最低的为处理1，比对照降低了5.40%。
- Abstract:
- In order to choose the suitable mulching technology of water-saving and moisture-preserving,environmental protectionfor maize production of Nenjiang county,through the randomized block design,effects of different mulching materials were measured which included themaize straw(treatment 1),liquid film(treatment 2),photodegradation film (treatment 3),plastic film (treatment 4),fulvic acid foliar spray (treatment 5) on soil moisture,temperature,corn growth and water use efficiency.The results showed that there were obvious differences on moisture among different treatments,and the surface mulching could improve soil moisture content.At maize elongation stage,the soil moisture of treatment 4,treatment 3 and treatment 1 had significant differences (P<0.05) compared with control,about 8.2%、6.0% and 3.0%,respectively.Only treatment 1 reached significant level (P< 0.05) after maize filling stage.Compared with control,plastic film mulching treatments increased soil temperature by 0.6~0.9 ℃ in jointing stage,while straw mulch decreased temperature by 0.5~1.0 ℃.The maize leaf transpiration rate and stomatal conductance decreased by 29.5% and 30.6%,net photosynthetic rate increased by 16.7% after spraying FA(treatment 5)on the leaf.The maize height of treatment 4 and 3 had a significant higher than others at elongation stage,and thetreatment 1 was the lowest treatment.The yield of treatment 3 and 4 processing had the extremely significant difference (P<0.01)，the yield increased by 18.3% and 17.6% than control,while treatment 1 declines of 6.2%.Water use efficiency had positively correlated trends with yield,the highest for treatment 3 and 4,by 19.0% and 18.1% higher than that of control respectively,the lowest for treatment 1,which was reduced by 5.4%.
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备注/Memo
收稿日期：2016-04-22