HAO Xiao-yu,ZHOU Bao-ku,MA Xing-zhu,et al.Characteristics of Black Soil Fertility and Comprehensive Assessment Under Longterm Fertilization[J].HEILONGJIANG AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES,2015,(11):23-30.[doi:10.11942/j.issn1002-2767.2015.11.0023]
长期施肥下黑土肥力特征及综合评价
- Title:
- Characteristics of Black Soil Fertility and Comprehensive Assessment Under Longterm Fertilization
- 文章编号:
- 1002-2767（2015）11-0023-08
- 分类号:
- S158
- 文献标志码:
- A
- 摘要:
- 为探索黑土区耕地质量稳定提升、作物持续稳产高产的有效施肥模式，利用始于 1979年的定位试验，研究了长期不同施肥措施对黑土物理性质（1项）、化学性质（8项）和生物肥力指标（4项）的影响，并运用主成分分析和聚类分析对其进行了综合评价。结果表明：长期施肥增加土壤养分含量，有机无机肥配施降低土壤容重。长期单施化肥导致土壤酸化，有机无机肥配施减缓土壤酸化。运用主成分分析对13个土壤肥力指标降维，提取到3个主成分，涵盖了原始数据信息总量的89.6%。系统聚类得到不同施肥措施的培肥效果为N2P2M2 > NPKM、NPM >M2、M >NPK、N2P2>NP、CK，有机肥与化肥配施为黑土最佳的培肥模式。综合评价培肥土壤、作物产量和环境效应，推荐常量化肥和有机肥配施（MNPK）为黑土最佳培肥模式。
- Abstract:
- In order to explore the effective fertilization mode to improve the cultivated land quality,and crop continuous output,based on longterm experiment with various fertilizations in black soil of northeast China,soil physical property (bulk density),chemical properties (organic matter,total nitrogen,total phosphorus,total potassium,available nitrogen,available phosphorus,available potassium and pH),and biological properties (dissolved organic carbon,dissolved organic nitrogen,soil microbial biomass carbon and soil microbial biomass nitrogen) were analyzed.Principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) were used to evaluate these data.The results showed that longterm fertilization could increase soil nutrient content,and compared with nonfertilization and chemical fertilizer treatments,combined application of organic manure and inorganic fertilizer reduced soil bulk density.Longterm fertilization of chemical fertilizer could make the soil acidification,and organic manure and inorganic fertilizer could slow down the soil acidification.According to principal component analysis,three principal components extracted from the initial 13 indices reflected 89.6% of the original information quantity.The effects of different patterns of longterm fertilization on soil fertility based on hierarchical cluster analysis displayed the order of N2P2M2 >NPKM，NPM>M2，M>NPK，N2P2>NP，CK.Thus,combined application of organic manure and inorganic fertilizer was the best fertilizer application model in black soil.Comprehensive evaluation of soil fertility,crop yield and environmental effect showed that combined application of organic manure and inorganic fertilizer with conventional fertilization (MNPK) was recommended for enriching soil fertility in black soil.
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备注/Memo
基金项目：农业部公益性行业专项资助项目（201203030,201303126）；国家科技支撑计划资助项目（2013BAD07B01,2013BAD11B03）；黑龙江省农业科学院引进博士人员科研启动金联合资助项目（201507-23）第一作者简介：郝小雨（1981-），男，河北省张家口市人，博士，助理研究员，从事农田养分循环研究。E-mail: xiaoyuhao1981@sina.com。通讯作者：周宝库（1963-），男，黑龙江省延寿县人，研究员，从事土壤肥料研究。E-mail: zhoubaoku@aliyun.com。