QI Hongling,HAO Aiping,ZHANG Yanli,et al.Effects of Reducing Nitrogen and Increasing Organic Fertilizer on Growth， Yield of Flue-Cured Tobacco[J].HEILONGJIANG AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES,2024,(02):31-35.[doi:10.11942/j.issn1002-2767.2024.02.0031]
降氮增施有机肥对烤烟生长发育和产量的影响
- Title:
- Effects of Reducing Nitrogen and Increasing Organic Fertilizer on Growth， Yield of Flue-Cured Tobacco
- 文章编号:
- 5
- Keywords:
- nitrogen reduction; increased application of organic fertilizer; flue-cured tobacco; growth; yield
- 文献标志码:
- A
- 摘要:
- 为了提高烤烟质量和经济效益，以龙江986为供试品种进行随机区组试验，设置5个处理，对不同处理烤烟农艺性状、干物质积累、叶绿素含量及经济性状进行测定，以此分析不同施肥配比条件下烟株生长发育及经济性状的变化情况。结果表明，施用肥料的处理其各项农艺性状指标均优于未施肥的对照处理，其中F3（硝酸钾+精制有机肥）和F5（硝酸钾+烟秆有机肥）处理效果最好。增施有机肥及仅施硝酸钾均能够促进烟株的生长，但仅施硝酸钾的效果没有配合施用有机肥的效果好。有机肥与硝酸钾配合施用有利于增加烟株根、茎、叶的干物质积累，与F2（只施硝酸钾）处理相比，团棵期效果最好的为F4（硝酸钾+蚯蚓有机肥）处理，根增加0.40 g，茎增加0.86 g，增加叶重2.25 g；始采期效果最好的为F3处理，茎增加6.64 g，叶增加3.67 g。有机肥与硝酸钾配合施用能够提高烟株叶绿素含量，与F2处理相比，F3处理SPAD值增加1.0，F4处理增加1.6，F5处理增加0.9。此外，有机肥与硝酸钾配合施用能够提升烟株的产量及品质，与F2处理相比，F4处理的单叶质量最大，为5.71 g；产量最高，为1 465.95 kg·hm-2，对提高烟株的单叶质量及增产作用效果较好；F5处理的上等烟率最高，为7.05%，可明显改善烟株的品质。综合来看，降氮增施有机肥对烤烟生长发育和产量存在正向促进的作用。F3处理有利于改善烟株农艺性状，F4处理在干物质积累、提高叶绿素含量、单叶质量和产量方面存在一定优势，F5处理有利于提高上等烟率。在生产过程中可以结合具体需求筛选合适的处理或者搭配使用。
- Abstract:
- In order to improve the quality and economic benefits of flue-cured tobacco, yield of flue-cured tobacco， a randomized block experiment was conducted with Longjiang 986 as the experimental variety.Five treatments were set up to determine the agronomic traits， dry matter accumulation， chlorophyll content， and economic traits of flue-cured tobacco. This was done to analyze the changes in tobacco growth， development， and economic traits under different fertilization ratios.The results showed that the treatment with fertilizer application had better agronomic traits than the control treatment without fertilization， and the treatments of F3(potassius nitrate+refined organic fertilizer) and F5(potassium nitrate+tobacco straw organic fertilizer) were the best. Both increasing the application of organic fertilizer and applying only potassium nitrate could promote the growth of tobacco plants， but the effect of applying only potassium nitrate was not as good as that of combining organic fertilizer.The combination application of organic fertilizer and potassium nitrate was beneficial for increasing the dry weight of tobacco roots， stems， and leaves. Compared with the F2(potassium nitrate) treatment， the F4(potassium nitrate+earthworm organic fertilizer) treatment had the best effect in the rosette stage， increasing root weight by 0.40 g， stem weight by 0.86 g， and leaf weight by 2.25 g. The F3 treatment had the best effect in the maturing stage， increasing stem weight by 6.44 g， and leaf weight by 3.67 g;The combination of organic fertilizer and potassium nitrate could increase the chlorophyll content of tobacco plants. Compared with F2 treatment， the SPAD value of F3 treatment increased by 1.0， F4 treatment increased by 1.6， and F5 treatment increased by 0.9.In addition， the combination of organic fertilizer and potassium nitrate could improve the yield and quality of tobacco plants.Compared with F2 treatment，F4 treatment had the highest leaf weight（5.71 g）and the highest yield (1 465.95 kg·ha-1)， which had a better effect on increasing the leaf weight and yield of tobacco plants; F5 treatment had the highest rate of fine tobacco (7.05%)， which could significantly improve the quality of tobacco plants.On the whole，reducing nitrogen and increasing the application of organic fertilizer had a positive effect on the growth and yield of flue-cured tobacco. F3 treatment was beneficial to improve the agronomic characters of tobacco plant， F4 treatment had certain advantages in dry matter accumulation， chlorophyll content， leaf weight and yield， and F5 treatment was beneficial to improve the rate of high-grade tobacco. In the actual production process， we could screen the appropriate treatment or use together according to the specific needs.
参考文献/References:
［1］李自林，秦娜，刘瑞瑞.不同氮素水平对烤烟生长及物质累积的影响[J].湖南农业科学，2021（9）:38-41.[2]刘光辉，李迪秦，陈一凡，等.烤烟生长发育特性及产质量对施肥技术的响应[J].核农学报，2017，31(10)：2032-2038.[3]何聪莲，顾浩，张锦韬，等.氮肥配施生物炭对烤烟生长及烤后烟叶化学品质的影响[J].云南农业大学学报(自然科学)，2022，37(6)：1014-1020.[4]孙志梅，武志杰，陈利军，等.农业生产中的氮肥施用现状及其环境效应研究进展[J].土壤通报，2006，37(4)：782-786.[5]李春俭，张福锁，李文卿，等.我国烤烟生产中的氮素管理及其与烟叶品质的关系［J］.植物营养与肥料学报，2007，13(2)：331-337.[6]邓小华，张万里，王维，等.控氮增施有机肥对水稻产量和效益的影响[J].耕作与栽培，2018(5):38-39.[7]叶协锋，凌爱芬，喻奇伟，等.活化有机肥对烤烟生特性和品质的影响[J].华北农学报，2008，23(5)：190-193.[8]彭桃军，沈雪婷，凌平，等.不同有机无机肥配比对烤烟生长发育和品质的影响[J].江西农业学报，2017，29(3)：85-89.[9]王树会，纳红艳，陈发荣，等.有机肥与化肥配施对烤烟品质及土壤的影响[J].中国农业科技导报，2011，13(4)：110-114.〖ZK)〗[10]王林虹.不同比例有机肥对烤烟生长发育及品质的影响[D].郑州：河南农业大学，2014.[11]王玉胜，管成伟，李旭华，等.饼肥配施对烤烟产质量与土壤改良的影响[J].广东农业科学，2018，45(3)：45-50.[12]许娜，许家来，朱先志，等.饼肥与化肥配施对烤烟叶片组织结构及有机酸含量的影响[J].中国烟草科学，2016，37(1)：20-25.[13]李尊强，陈荣平，邱恩建，等.烤烟新品种龙江986的选育及其特征特性[J].中国烟草学报，2019，25（3）:37-42.[14]周文亮，赖洪敏，仝建华，等.施用复合有机肥对烤烟生长和烟叶品质的影响[J].西南农业学报，2013，26(2)：647-652.[15]王军，詹振寿，谢玉华，等.施用生物有机肥对烤烟生长发育的影响[J].安徽农业科学，2007，35(11)：3287-3288，3290.[16]王东飞，肖飞，张亚恒，等.不同有机肥对烤烟生长发育及产质量的影响[J].贵州农业科学，2023，51(2)：15-22.[17]唐海峰.不同有机肥与无机肥配施对烤烟生长发育的影响研究[D].长沙:湖南农业大学，2009.[18]冯春才，李东明，元野，等.有机复合肥对烤烟叶片叶绿素含量的影响[J].科技资讯，2009，7(29):144.[19]刘晓丽，向欢，杨兴有，等.光照强度对烟草生长发育及产量和质量的影响研究进展[J].现代农业科技，2022(5)：14-17.[20]云菲，刘国顺，宋晶.不同光照强度下氮素对烤烟质体色素降解产物及品质的影响[J].中国烟草学报，2014，20（5）:51-58.[21]乔新荣.光照强度对烤烟生长发育、光合特性及品质的影响[D].郑州：河南农业大学，2007.[22]刘国顺，赵献章，韦凤杰，等.旺长期遮光及光照转换对不同烟草品种光合效率的影响[J].中国农业科学，2007，40（10）:2368-2375.[23]时向东，文志强，刘艳芳，等.遮荫对雪茄外包皮烟生长和光合特性的影响[J].西北植物学报，2006，26（8）:1718-1721.
相似文献/References:
[1]万纪红,赵伯福.苗晟颗粒有机肥在玉米化肥减量试验中的应用[J].黑龙江农业科学,2019,(08):50.[doi:10.11942/j.issn1002-2767.2019.08.0050]
WAN Ji-hong,ZHAO Bo-fu.Application of Miaosheng Granule Organic Fertilizer in Chemical Fertilizer Reduction Test of Maize[J].HEILONGJIANG AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES,2019,(02):50.[doi:10.11942/j.issn1002-2767.2019.08.0050]
备注/Memo
收稿日期：2023-06-07