[1]杜若楠,张睿,金慧,等.黑龙江地区麦后复种毛叶苕子的播种期、播量及氮肥替代效应[J].黑龙江农业科学,2025,(05):78-82.[doi:10.11942/j.issn1002-2767.2025.05.0078]
DU Ruonan,ZHANG Rui,JIN Hui,et al.Sowing Period, Sowing Amount, and Nitrogen Fertilizer Substitution Effect of Multiple Cropping of Hairy Vetch After Wheat in Heilongjiang Region[J].HEILONGJIANG AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES,2025,(05):78-82.[doi:10.11942/j.issn1002-2767.2025.05.0078]
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DU Ruonan,ZHANG Rui,JIN Hui,et al.Sowing Period, Sowing Amount, and Nitrogen Fertilizer Substitution Effect of Multiple Cropping of Hairy Vetch After Wheat in Heilongjiang Region[J].HEILONGJIANG AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES,2025,(05):78-82.[doi:10.11942/j.issn1002-2767.2025.05.0078]
黑龙江地区麦后复种毛叶苕子的播种期、播量及氮肥替代效应
《黑龙江农业科学》[ISSN:1002-2767/CN:23-1204/S]
卷:
期数:
2025年05
页码:
78-82
栏目:
出版日期:
2025-05-10
- Title:
- Sowing Period, Sowing Amount, and Nitrogen Fertilizer Substitution Effect of Multiple Cropping of Hairy Vetch After Wheat in Heilongjiang Region
- 文章编号:
- 11
- Keywords:
- multiple cropping after wheat; hairy vetch （Vicia villosa Roth.）; nitrogen fertilizer substitution effect; soil fertility
- 文献标志码:
- A
- 摘要:
- 为促进绿肥作物在黑龙江地区的推广应用，2017年4月－5月进行的毛叶苕子（Vicia villosa Roth.）播期播量试验表明，黑龙江地区生产毛叶苕子的适宜播种量为30 kg·hm-2，且播种期越早越好。并在2017年7月开展了小麦收获前30 d、收获前15 d及收获当天3个播种处理下的毛叶苕子生长及土壤效应研究，确定了麦收当天采用机械播种毛叶苕子的方式为最优选择。2018－2019年进一步开展了小麦复种毛叶苕子的氮肥替代效应试验，设计了8种施肥处理，T1（清耕不施肥）、T2（清耕施肥50%）、T3（清耕施肥75%）、T4（清耕施肥100%）、T5（复种毛叶苕子不施肥）、T6（复种毛叶苕子施肥50%）、T7（复种毛叶苕子施肥75%）、T8（复种毛叶苕子施肥100%），系统探讨了黑龙江地区麦后复种毛叶苕子的播种期、播量及氮肥替代效应。结果表明，麦后复种毛叶苕子能够显著增加土壤中的速效氮含量，对翌年小麦产量产生正效应。复种毛叶苕子处理（T5~T8）可减少后茬小麦约25%的氮肥用量，平均减施尿素60 kg·hm-2，且小麦产量未出现下降。此外，复种毛叶苕子还能显著降低翌年小麦田间杂草密度，减少除草剂用量。相比清耕处理（T1~T4），种植毛叶苕子显著改善了耕地的物理结构，提升了土壤肥力。综上所述，麦后复种毛叶苕子不仅能够优化土壤养分状况，还能有效降低农业生产成本，具有显著的生态和经济效益。建议在黑龙江地区推广麦收当天机械播种毛叶苕子的方式，并结合适宜的施肥管理，以实现绿肥作物的高效利用和农业可持续发展。
- Abstract:
- In order to promote the popularization and application of green manure crops in Heilongjiang Region, the experiment on sowing date and sowing quantity of hairy vetch was conducted from April to May in 2017. The results showed that the appropriate sowing quantity of hairy vetch seeds for production in Heilongjiang Region was 30 kg·ha-1, and the earlier the sowing date, the better.And in July 2017, a study was conducted on the growth and soil effects of hairy vetch under three sowing treatments: 30 days before wheat harvest, 15 days before harvest, and on the day of harvest. It was determined that mechanical sowing of hairy vetch on the day of wheat harvest was the optimal choice. From 2018 to 2019, further experiments were conducted on the nitrogen fertilizer substitution effect of wheat intercropping with hairy vetch. Eight fertilization treatments were designed: T1 (no fertilization during tillage), T2 (50% fertilization during tillage), T3 (75% fertilization during tillage), T4 (100% fertilization during tillage), T5 (no fertilization during intercropping with hairy vetch), T6 (50% fertilization during intercropping with hairy vetch), T7 (75% fertilization during intercropping with hairy vetch), and T8 (100% fertilization during intercropping with hairy vetch).This study systematically investigated the sowing period, sowing rate, and nitrogen fertilizer substitution effect of Multiple planting of hairy vetch after wheat, in the Heilongjiang Region. The results indicated that planting multiple varieties of hairy vetch after wheat can significantly increased the available nitrogen content in the soil, which had a positive effect on the yield of wheat the following year. Specifically, the treatment of multiple planting of hairy vetch (T5-T8) can reduced the nitrogen fertilizer application of the following wheat by about 25%, with an average reduction of 60 kg·ha-1, and there was no decrease in wheat yield. In addition, multiple planting of hairy vetch can significantly reduce weed density in wheat fields the following year and decrease herbicide usage. Compared with the clear tillage treatment (T1-T4), planting hairy vetch significantly improved the physical structure of cultivated land and enhanced soil fertility. In summary, replanting hairy leaved sweet potatoes after wheat not only optimizes soil nutrient status, but also effectively reduces agricultural production costs, with significant ecological and economic benefits. It is recommended to promote the mechanical sowing of hairy vetch on the day of wheat harvest in the Heilongjiang Region, combined with appropriate fertilization management, in order to achieve efficient utilization of green manure crops and sustainable agricultural development.
备注/Memo
收稿日期：2025-03-14基金项目：黑龙江省省属科研院所科研业务费项目（CZKYF2024-1-C015）；黑龙江省种业创新发展项目；国家绿肥产业技术体系（CARS-22）。第一作者：杜若楠（1998-），女，硕士，研究实习员，从事绿肥种质资源鉴定评价。E-mail：drn0713@126.com。通信作者：张睿(1984-)，女，硕士，副研究员，从事绿肥种质资源鉴定评价。E-mail: zr0705@126.com。
更新日期/Last Update:
2025-05-10