LIU Fengman,YU Hongjiu,LIU Jie,et al.Effects of Straw-Decomposing Agent on Decomposition Characteristics and Microbial Community During Maize Straw Incorporation[J].HEILONGJIANG AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES,2025,(05):1-7,16.[doi:10.11942/j.issn1002-2767.2025.05.0001]
秸秆腐熟剂对玉米秸秆还田腐解特征及微生物群落的影响
- Title:
- Effects of Straw-Decomposing Agent on Decomposition Characteristics and Microbial Community During Maize Straw Incorporation
- 文章编号:
- 1
- 文献标志码:
- A
- 摘要:
- 为探明接种秸秆腐熟剂对玉米秸秆的促腐效果及其调控机制，采用尼龙网袋法分析秸秆还田（ST）、秸秆还田接种腐熟剂（STJ）和秸秆还田接种腐熟剂增施氮肥（STJN）3种秸秆还田方式下玉米秸秆的腐解率、残余秸秆组分、酶活及微生物群落的变化特征。结果表明，秸秆还田接种腐熟剂增施氮肥（STJN）能够促进秸秆中纤维素和半纤维素快速分解，显著提高寒区玉米秸秆腐解效率，在秸秆还田120 d时腐解率达85.13%，较秸秆直接还田（ST）和秸秆还田接种腐熟剂(STJ)处理分别提高14.61%和7.59%。秸秆还田60 d时，各处理的酶活均达到最高水平，其中，处理STJN的纤维素酶活性、α-葡萄糖苷酶活性和β-葡萄糖苷酶活性分别达到2 773.51 U·g-1、1 158.13 U·g-1和1 629.51 U·g-1，显著高于其他处理。不同秸秆还田处理显著改变了土壤真菌群落的物种丰富度与多样性，而对细菌群落的多样性无显著影响；秸秆还田接种腐熟剂增施氮肥（STJN）处理显著改变了真菌群落组成，表现出最高的物种丰富度，ACE指数、Chao1指数和Sobs指数均为最高。其Shannon指数显著高于ST处理，Simpson指数显著低于ST处理，表明其更高的多样性。且Botryotrichum和Podospora的增殖表明，氮肥输入可能通过激发易降解碳源释放，利用其快速代谢特性抑制其他功能菌的竞争。研究表明，秸秆还田接种腐熟剂增施氮肥可通过激活功能菌、优化真菌和细菌群落结构，并提升纤维素降解相关酶活性，从而加速秸秆腐解进程。
- Abstract:
- In order to explore the effect of inoculation of straw decomposing agent on the decay of maize stover and its regulation mechanism, the nylon mesh bag method was used to analyze the decomposition rate, residual straw components, enzyme activities and microbial community of maize stover under the three straw returning methods of straw returning (ST), straw returning inoculation of decomposing agent (STJ) and straw returning inoculation of decomposing agent with nitrogen fertilizer (STJN).The results showed that the combined application of straw return with a decomposing agent and nitrogen fertilizer promoted rapid decomposition of cellulose and hemicellulose in straw, significantly enhancing the decomposition efficiency of maize straw in cold regions. At 120 days after straw return, the decomposition rate reached 85.13%, which was 14.61% and 7.59% higher than that of straw return alone and straw return with a decomposing agent alone, respectively. When the straw was returned to the field for 60 days, the enzyme activities of each treatment reached the highest level. Among them, the cellulase activity, α-glucosidase activity and β-glucosidase activity of the treated STJN reached 2 773.51 U·g-1, 1 158.13 U·g-1 and 1 629.51 U·g-1, respectively, which were significantly higher than those of other treatments. Different straw return treatments significantly altered the species richness and diversity of soil fungal communities, while showing no significant effect on bacterial community diversity. Specifically, the treatment combining straw return with a decomposing agent and nitrogen fertilizer (STJN) induced notable changes in fungal community composition, demonstrating the highest species richness with maximum values for the ACE index, Chao1 index, and Sobs index. The Shannon index of STJN was significantly higher than that of the straw return-alone treatment (ST), and its Simpson index was significantly lower than ST, indicating enhanced diversity. The proliferation of Botryotrichum and Podospora suggests that nitrogen input may stimulate the release of readily degradable carbon sources, leveraging their rapid metabolic traits to suppress competition from other functional microbes. This study demonstrates that straw return combined with a decomposing agent and nitrogen fertilizer accelerates straw decomposition by activating functional microbial taxa, optimizing fungal-bacterial community structures, and enhancing cellulose-degrading enzyme activity.
相似文献/References:
[1]李大伟.玉米机收后秸秆粉碎还田方法及效果研究[J].黑龙江农业科学,2011,(07):53.
LI Da-wei.Study on Method and Effect of Maize Straw Return to Soil after Chopping[J].HEILONGJIANG AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES,2011,(05):53.
[2]张少波,聂 录,林玉萍,等.秸秆还田对水田土壤养分影响的研究[J].黑龙江农业科学,2015,(12):41.[doi:10.11942/j.issn1002-2767.2015.12.0041]
ZHANG Shao-bo,NIE Lu,LIN Yu-ping,et al.Effect of Straw Returning on Soil Nutrition in Paddy Field[J].HEILONGJIANG AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES,2015,(05):41.[doi:10.11942/j.issn1002-2767.2015.12.0041]
[3]张楠,刘杰,于洪久,等.寒地水稻秸秆腐熟剂对水稻秸秆翻埋还田的腐熟效果及土壤养分含量的影响[J].黑龙江农业科学,2020,(11):34.[doi:10.11942/j.issn1002-2767.2020.11.0034]
ZHANG Nan,LIU Jie,YU Hong-jiu,et al.Effect of Rice Straw Decomposition Agent on Rice Straw Returning to Field and Soil Nutrient Content in Cold Region[J].HEILONGJIANG AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES,2020,(05):34.[doi:10.11942/j.issn1002-2767.2020.11.0034]
备注/Memo
收稿日期：2025-03-10