Yanmin,WU Licheng,WU Hongtao,et al.Effects of Saline-Alkali Stress on Growth Characteristics and Yield of Rice[J].HEILONGJIANG AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES,2024,(03):1-5.[doi:10.11942/j.issn1002-2767.2024.03.0001]
盐碱胁迫对水稻生长特性及产量的影响
- Title:
- Effects of Saline-Alkali Stress on Growth Characteristics and Yield of Rice
- 文章编号:
- 1
- 文献标志码:
- A
- 摘要:
- 为了有效利用并改良盐碱地及改善生态环境，以8份水稻种质资源为材料，设置轻度盐碱胁迫、中度盐碱胁迫、重度盐碱胁迫进行田间耐盐碱性分析，对植株存活率、株高、分蘖、叶绿素相对含量、每穗粒数、结实率以及千粒重等指标进行了比较，分析不同程度盐碱胁迫对水稻生长发育特性及产量的影响。结果表明，水稻品种间耐盐碱特性存在差异，水稻存活率表现为轻度盐碱胁迫>中度盐碱胁迫>重度盐碱胁迫，水稻品种从返青期至成熟期植株存活率呈下降趋势。盐碱胁迫导致水稻株高变矮、穗长变短，随着盐碱胁迫程度增加株高和穗长受到的抑制作用变强，同一品种株高和穗长数值表现为轻度盐碱胁迫>中度盐碱胁迫>重度盐碱胁迫，且3种盐碱胁迫处理间差异显著（P<0.05）。齐穗期SPAD值范围为42.5～55.6，各处理与对照间差异不显著。重度盐碱胁迫下水稻产量抑制率高达81.0%～93.7%，中度盐碱胁迫下产量抑制率为10.4%～81.3%，轻度盐碱胁迫下为5.6%～77.9%，产量及产量构成因素相对抑制率主要表现为重度盐碱胁迫>中度盐碱胁迫>轻度盐碱胁迫，盐碱化程度越高对水稻产量及产量构成因素造成的损失也越大。相关分析表明，产量相对抑制率与单位面积穗数相对抑制率极显著相关，与实粒数相对抑制率和结实率相对抑制率正相关。说明，盐碱胁迫抑制水稻生长发育，导致产量降低，但合理开发和利用中度、轻度盐碱化土地可以扩大水稻种植面积。
- Abstract:
- In order to effectively utilize and improve saline-alkaline land, improve the ecological environment, this study used eight rice germplasm resources as materials, and set up mild, moderate and severe saline-alkaline stress for field saline-alkaline tolerance analysis.Comparative analyses of the indicators of plant survival rate, plant height, tillers, relative chlorophyll content, number of grains per spike, fruiting rate and thousand-grain weight were also conducted. The results showed that there were differences in salinity tolerance among rice varieties, and the survival rate of rice showed that mild saline stress>moderate saline stress>heavy saline stress, and the survival rate of rice varieties demonstrated a declining trend from greening to maturity.rice that was subjected to saline stress seemed to have a shorter plant height and a shorter spike length, and with the increase in the degree of saline stress the inhibition of plant height and spike length became stronger, and the same varieties of plant height and spike length showed a significant differenceamong three kinds of saline stress treatments. The values of light saline stress>moderate saline stress>heavy saline stress, and the difference between the three saline stress treatments was significant (P<0.05). SPAD values at spike flushing period ranged from 42.5 to 55.6, and the difference between the treatments and the control was not significant; yield inhibition rate of rice under heavy saline stress was as high as 81.0%-93.7%, moderate saline stress was 10.4%-81.3%, and mild saline stress was 5.6%-77.9%. The relative inhibition rate of yield and yield components were mainly shown as severe saline stress>moderate saline stress>mild saline stress, and the higher the degree of salinization, the greater the loss of yield and yield components of rice, and the correlation analysis showed that the relative inhibition rate of yield and the relative inhibition rate of the number of spikes per unit area were highly significant. Correlation analysis showed that the relative inhibition rate of yield was highly significantly correlated with the relative inhibition rate of the number of spikes per unit area, and positively correlated with the relative inhibition rate of the number of grains and the relative inhibition rate of the fruiting rate. It can be explained that salt alkali stress inhibits the growth and development of rice, leading to a decrease in yield. However, reasonable development and utilization of moderate to mild saline alkali soil can expand the planting area of rice.
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收稿日期：2023-12-23