ZHENG Yu,JI Jinghong,MA Xingzhu,et al.Effects of Controlled Release Nitrogen Fertilizer on Maize Yield,Nitrogen Absorption and Utilization in Cold Black Soil[J].HEILONGJIANG AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES,2023,(05):28-34.[doi:10.11942/j.issn1002-2767.2023.05.0028]
控释氮肥对寒地黑土玉米产量及氮素吸收利用的影响
- Title:
- Effects of Controlled Release Nitrogen Fertilizer on Maize Yield,Nitrogen Absorption and Utilization in Cold Black Soil
- 文章编号:
- 6
- Keywords:
- controlled release nitrogen fertilizer; maize; yield; benefit; nitrogen use efficiency; nitrogen accumulation and distribution
- 文献标志码:
- A
- 摘要:
- 为了进一步明确氮肥施用效率,采用田间定位试验方法,研究了控释氮肥和普通氮肥配合施用对寒地黑土玉米产量、氮肥利用及氮素平衡的影响。试验设5个处理,①不施氮肥(CK);②全部普通氮肥基施(BU);③全部控释氮肥基施(CRU);④农民习惯施肥,即40% BU基肥,60% BU追肥(FP);⑤60% CRU与40% BU混合基施(MBC)。结果表明,控释氮肥与普通氮肥配合施用(MBC)能显著提高玉米产量、经济效益和氮肥利用率(NUE),减少氮素在土壤剖面中的残留,降低氮素损失。与FP相比,MBC处理3年平均增产69%(P<0.05),增收27.8%(P<0.05),氮素吸收增加5.8%(P<0.05),氮肥利用率显著增加14.7%(P<0.05)。且0~30 cm、30~60 cm、60~90 cm土壤剖面中土壤无机氮(SIN)累积量分别占总量的44.8%~518%、32.2%~34.9%、15.5%~21.6%。控释氮肥与普通氮肥配合一次性基施(MBC),土壤剖面SIN累积量在0~90 cm剖面中,MBC处理较FP降低10%(P<0.05),在60~90 cm剖面中降低30.7%(P<005),氮素损失减少7.1%,氮素在土壤-作物体系中的盈余减少9.1%。控释氮肥单独施用(CRU)较普通氮肥单独施用(BU)在玉米产量、效益及氮素利用等方面具有显著正效应,但不如二者配合施用(MBC)效果好。从产量、效益、氮素利用及氮素循环等综合因素考虑,控释氮肥与普通氮肥以6∶4比例配合施用(MBC)是该地区玉米高效施肥最佳措施。
- Abstract:
- In order to further verify the efficiency of nitrogen application, the effects of combined application of controlled release N fertilizer and common N fertilizer on maize yield, nitrogen utilization and nitrogen balance in black soil of cold region were studied by fixed-site experiment.Five treatments were set up: ①no N fertilizer (CK);②all commonN fertilizer basal application (BU);③total controlled release N fertilizer basal application (CRU); ④farmers practice, thatis 40% BU basal fertilization, 60% BU top dressing (FP); ⑤ 60% CRU and 40% BU mixed basal application (MBC).The results showed that combined application of controlled release N fertilizer with common N fertilizer (MBC) significantly increased maize yield, economic benefit, nitrogen use efficiency (NUE), reduced N residue in soil profile, and reduced N loss. Compared with FP, MBC treatment increased yield by 6.9% (P<0.05), benefit by 27.8% (P<0.05), and N use efficiency by 14.7%(P<005).The accumulation of soil inorganic nitrogen (SIN) in 0-30 cm, 30-60 cm and 60-90 cm soil profiles accounted for 448%-51.8%, 32.2%-34.9% and 15.5%-21.6% of total SIN in the soil profile(0-90 cm), respectively. Compared with FP, in the soil profile (0-90 cm), SIN accumulation decreased by 100%, N loss decreased by 7.1%, and N surplus in soil-crop system decreased by 9.1% when controlled release N fertilizer combined with common N fertilizer was applied at one time basal(MBC).Compared with BU, CRU had significant positive effects on maize yield, benefit and N utilization, but it was not as good as MBC. Considering the yield, benefit, N use efficiency and N cycling, MBC with a ratio of 6∶4 was the best method for efficient fertilization of maize in this region.
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备注/Memo
收稿日期:2022-12-08