Aneliya Ilieva Katova.Species and Varieties of Perennial Grasses for High Quality Forage in Bulgaria[J].HEILONGJIANG AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES,2016,(01):138-144,145.[doi:10.11942/j.issn1002-2767.2016.01.0138]
保加利亚多年生优质牧草特种和品种
- Title:
- Species and Varieties of Perennial Grasses for High Quality Forage in Bulgaria
- 文章编号:
- 1002-2767（2016）01-0138-07
- Keywords:
- perennial grasses; varieties; forage yield; forage quality; ploidy level
- 分类号:
- S54
- 文献标志码:
- A
- 摘要:
- 为了获得可持续性的农业饲料作物产量，发展多样的能够将高产的生态稳定性相结合的饲料作物是非常必要的。保加利亚的多年生草原育种工作，已经有49年之久，尤其是在普列文的饲料作物研究所。繁殖计划的目标是开发新的多年生草品种饲料和产量高的种子,高饲料质量和高适应性的牧场,提高干草和景观的利用率。于1966-2015期间，收集并研究了普列文大量的寒冷和温暖的气候常年饲料草饲料作物研究所的初始育种材料(当地人口和引进品种)。植物生物多样性的新形式和品种是应用传统和现代育种方法有目的地有效选择通过生产力和自适应性,生态基因分析量化特征,多倍化,以及种间杂交。2007年，梅勒尔贝克在比利时遗传和育种研究所提出倍性水平，样本通过Partec细胞分析仪CA-II和软件DPAC(德国明斯特)进行分析。荧光发射强度与DNA数量呈线性相关，此实验获得了直方图。在这几年当中，六种不同的多年地生草类物种已经演变成：鸭茅、无芒雀麦、尼卡、高羊茅、阿乐贝纳、多年生黑麦草、冰草和摩拉瓦洒，并根据CPVO（2011）和UPOV (2006)对新品种的技术准则进行了描述。这些多年生牧草品种有许多有价值的特性，例如有非常高的饲料价值和种子生产效率，具有持续性、胁迫耐受性、牧草优质，可以利用其不同的方向和倍性水平。饲料作物研究所保持注册品种和生产基础种子。
- Abstract:
- To obtain sustainable agriculture and adaptive forage production,it is necessary to develop new varieties of forage crops,combining high productivity and ecological stability.Perennial grass breeding in Bulgaria has now a strong 49 year-long tradition,especially in the Institute of Forage Crops in Pleven.The objective of breeding program was to develop new perennial grass varieties with high forage and seed productivity,high forage quality and high adaptive potential for pasture,hay and landscape improvement use.A great amount of initial breeding materials (local native populations and introduced varieties) of perennial forage grasses of cool and warm climate was collected and studied in the Institute of Forage Crops,Pleven during the period 196632015.Biodiversity of new plant forms and varieties was developed by applying conventional and modern breeding methodspurposeful efficient selection by productivity and adaptivity,ecologogenetic analysis of quantitative traits,polyploidization,hybridization,including interspecific one.The ploidy level was determined in the Institute of Genetics and Breeding,Merelbeke,Belgium in 2007.The samples were analyzed by Partec Cell Analyzer CA-II and software DPAC (Münster,Germany).The intensity of fluorescent emission correlated linearly with DNA quantity.The results were obtained as histograms.During these years six varieties of 6 perennial grass species were developed as follows: cocksfoot (Dactylis glomerata L.) Dabrava,smooth brome,(Bromus inermis Leyss.)Nika,tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.)Albena,perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) IFK Harmoniya,crested wheatgrass (Agropyron cristatum Gaerth.) Svejina and standard wheatgrass (Agropyron desertorum (Fich.) Schultes.)Morava.Variety description was made according CPVO (2011) and UPOV (2006) technical guidelines.The perennial grass varieties have valuable characteristics,such as high forage and seed productivity,persistency,stress tolerance,forage quality,different direction of use and different ploidy level.The Institute of Forage Crops maintains the registered varieties and produces Prebasic and Basic seeds.
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备注/Memo
Received: 2015-07-14
Biography of the first author: Aneliya Ilieva Katova(1966),Bulgarian,PhD Researcher,Associated Professor,Plant breeding,genetics and seed production of perennial grasses.E-mail: katova66@abv.bg.