[1]张巩亮,王宇先,刘玉涛,等.秸秆还田和增施氮肥对寒地水稻产量的影响[J].黑龙江农业科学,2023,(01):8-12.[doi:10.11942/j.issn1002-2767.2023.01.0008]
　ZHANG Gongliang,WANG Yuxian,LIU Yutao,et al.Effects of Straw Returning and Additional Nitrogen Fertilizer Application on Rice Yield in Cold Regions[J].HEILONGJIANG AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES,2023,(01):8-12.[doi:10.11942/j.issn1002-2767.2023.01.0008]
点击复制

秸秆还田和增施氮肥对寒地水稻产量的影响

《黑龙江农业科学》[ISSN:1002-2767/CN:23-1204/S] 卷: 期数: 2023年01 页码: 8-12 栏目: 出版日期: 2023-01-10
Title:
Effects of Straw Returning and Additional Nitrogen Fertilizer Application on Rice Yield in Cold Regions
作者:
张巩亮; 王宇先; 刘玉涛; 徐莹莹; 杨慧莹; 高盼; 王晨
黑龙江省农业科学院 齐齐哈尔分院，黑龙江 齐齐哈尔 161006
Author(s):
ZHANG Gongliang;  WANG Yuxian;  LIU Yutao;  XU Yingying;  YANG Huiying;  GAO Pan;  WANG Chen
Qiqihar Branch, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qiqihar 161006, China
关键词:
秸秆还田; 增施氮肥; 寒地水稻; 产量
Keywords:
straw returning;  increasing nitrogen fertilizer;  rice in cold regions;  yield
DOI:
10.11942/j.issn1002-2767.2023.01.0008
文献标志码:
A
摘要:
为探究秸秆还田与合理的施氮模式对寒地水稻产量及穗部性状的影响，以水稻品种齐粳2号为试验材料，采用秸秆还田和增施氮肥二因素完全随机试验设计，秸秆不还田（A1），秸秆还田（A2），即秸秆全量还田（0.054 kg·盆-1）；常规施氮（B1，施氮比例为基肥∶分蘖肥∶调节肥∶穗肥=4∶3∶1∶2），分蘖肥增氮10%（B2），调节肥增氮10%（B3），穗肥增氮10%（B4）。以常规施氮作对照，就秸秆还田与增施氮肥处理对水稻干物质积累量，枝梗数，各部位穗粒数、结实率、千粒重等方面的影响进行了分析比较。结果表明：秸秆还田平均减产5.59%，增施氮肥水平间产量呈B3＞B2＞B4＞B1，调节肥增氮10%（B3）处理较常规施氮（B1）增产1461%，主要由于穗数、结实率、千粒重提高，同时干物质积累量也有所提高。
Abstract:
In order to investigate the effects of straw return to the field and reasonable nitrogen fertilizer application on the yield and spike traits of rice in cold regions, this experiment used rice variety Qigeng 2 as the test material, and adopted a two-factor completely randomized experimental design with straw return to the field and nitrogen fertilizer application. Straw was returned to the field at 2 levels, no straw (A1) and straw was returned to the field (A2), mean the full amount of straw was returned to the field (0.054 kg per pot); Nitrogen was added to the field at 4 levels, regular nitrogen application (B1 nitrogen application ratio∶basal fertiliser∶tiller fertiliser∶regulating fertiliser∶spike fertiliser = 4∶3∶1∶2), 10% more nitrogen for tiller fertiliser (B2), 10% more nitrogen for regulating fertiliser (B3) and 10% more nitrogen for spike fertiliser (B4). The effects of straw return and additional N fertilizer treatments on dry matter accumulation, number of branch stalks, number of grains in each part of the spike, fruit set rate and thousand grain weight of rice were analysed and compared with conventional N application as a control, with a view to providing a theoretical basis for efficient fertilization to improve rice yield under cold rice straw return. The results showed that the average yield reduction of 5.59% was achieved by returning the straw to the field, and the yield between the levels of additional N fertiliser was 10% for the regulating fertiliser (B3)>10% for the tiller fertiliser (B2)> 10% for the spike fertiliser (B4)> conventional nitrogen application(B1), with the regulating fertiliser increasing by 14.61% compared to the conventional fertiliser, this was mainly due to an increase in the number of spikes, fruit set and thousand grain weight, as well as an increase in dry matter accumulation.

参考文献/References:

［1］张崇尚，刘乐，陆岐楠，等.中国秸秆能源化利用潜力与秸秆能源企业区域布局研究[J].资源科学，2017，39(3)：473-481.

[2]凌一波，薛颖昊，王家平，等.近20年来新疆农作物秸秆资源量变化、现状分析及综合利用探讨[J/OL].中国农业资源与区划：1-12（2022-07-21）[2022-10-01].http://kns.cnki.net/kcms/detail/11.3513.S.20220720.1946.020.html.
[3]张帆.紫云英与水稻秸秆联合还田下双季稻田土壤氮磷平衡状况及化肥减施策略[J].植物营养与肥料学报，2021，27(8)：1376-1387.
[4]马铭婧，郗凤明，尹岩，等.碳中和视角下秸秆处置方式对碳源汇的贡献[J].应用生态学报，2022，33(5)：1331-1339.
[5]薛泽，徐锐，李彦，等.云南省农作物秸秆综合利用现状及建议[J].农机使用与维修，2022(3)：103-109.
[6]何如海，薛中俊，汪玉芳，等.油菜秸秆还田及化肥配施的水稻经济环境效益分析[J].中国农业资源与区划，2021，42(6)：42-49.
[7]李正鹏.青海省农作物种植结构和产量变化及秸秆资源估算[J].青海农林科技，2022(3)：52-56，74.
[8]ZHU L，HU N，YANG M，et al.Effects of different tillage and straw return on soil organic carbon in a rice-wheat rotation system[J].Public Library of Science，2014，9(2)e88900.
[9]张猛，李振山，陈猛猛，等.氮肥运筹对水稻生长、光合特性及产量的影响[J/OL].青岛农业大学学报(自然科学版)：1-12（2022-09-22）[2022-10-01].http://kns.cnki.net/kcms/detail/37.1459.N.20220921.1917.002.html.
[10]李润卿. 施氮量对水稻产量和品质的影响及其原因分析[D].扬州：扬州大学，2022.
[11]李赛慧，陈丽芬，王会来，等.施肥对稻田培肥及水稻浙优21产量的影响[J].浙江农业科学，2022，63(4)：676-678.
[12]吕艳东.水分供应对寒地水稻产量和品质的影响[D].沈阳：沈阳农业大学，2011.
[13]徐桂红，陈秀梅，毛伟，等.秸秆连续全量还田对土壤性状及水稻产量的影响[J].现代农业科技，2021(23)：1-3,7.
[14]陈军，孙义祥.全量秸秆还田下不同施氮量对水稻产量及土壤有机质含量的影响[J].安徽农业科学，2020，48(11)：169-170.
[15]陈红金，陶云彬，吴春艳.长期秸秆粉碎还田对水稻产量和耕地质量的影响[J].浙江农业科学，2019，60(12)：2342-2344,2348.
[16]崔月峰，卢铁钢，孙国才，等.秸秆不同还田方式对北方粳稻物质生产和产量的影响[J].福建农业学报，2019，34(6)：630-637.
[17]赵长坤，王学春，吴凡，等.油菜秸秆还田对水稻根系分布及稻谷产量的影响[J].应用与环境生物学报，2021，27(1)：96-104.
[18]朱利群，张大伟，卞新民.连续秸秆还田与耕作方式轮换对稻麦轮作田土壤理化性状变化及水稻产量构成的影响[J].土壤通报，2011，42(1)：81-85.
[19]宫亮，金丹丹，牛世伟，等.长期定位氮肥减施对水稻产量和氮素吸收利用的影响[J].中国稻米，2022，28(3)：42-46.
[20]石爱龙，祝海竣，唐舟，等.氮肥与密度对水稻光合特性和产量的影响[J].杂交水稻，2022，37(2)：109-117.
[21]吕珂，艾东，宋双，等.施不同氮肥量对水稻新品种松辽677产量影响试验研究[J].北方水稻，2021，51(4)：9-12.
[22]孟祥宇，冉成，刘宝龙，等.秸秆还田配施氮肥对东北黑土稻区土壤养分及水稻产量的影响[J].作物杂志，2021(3)：167-172.

相似文献/References:

[1]刘志华,盖兆雪,李晓梅,等.秸秆还田对玉米产量形成及土壤肥力的影响[J].黑龙江农业科学,2014,(07):42.
　LIU Zhi-hua,GAI Zhao-xue,LI Xiao-mei,et al.Effect of Straw Return on Maize Yield Components and Soil Fertility[J].HEILONGJIANG AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES,2014,(01):42.
[2]郑 丹,迟凤琴.秸秆还田在农业可持续发展中的综合评价[J].黑龙江农业科学,2012,(01):133.
　ZHENG Dan,CHI Feng-qin.A ComPrehensive Evaluation on Straw Return to Soil in the Sustainable DeveloPment of Agriculture[J].HEILONGJIANG AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES,2012,(01):133.
[3]李 静.邹平县秸秆直接还田应用研究[J].黑龙江农业科学,2012,(06):60.
　LI Jing.Straw Returning Applied Research in Zouping County[J].HEILONGJIANG AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES,2012,(01):60.
[4]曾宪楠.秸秆还田模式对玉米生长发育及土壤理化性状的影响[J].黑龙江农业科学,2012,(10):34.
　ZENG Xian-nan.Effects of Straw Return Mode on Maize Growthand Soil Physical and Chemical Properties[J].HEILONGJIANG AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES,2012,(01):34.
[5]李大伟.玉米机收后秸秆粉碎还田方法及效果研究[J].黑龙江农业科学,2011,(07):53.
　LI Da-wei.Study on Method and Effect of Maize Straw Return to Soil after Chopping[J].HEILONGJIANG AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES,2011,(01):53.
[6]王 麒.秸秆还田下不同氮肥处理对玉米氮素吸收利用及产量的影响[J].黑龙江农业科学,2010,(12):35.
　WANG Qi.Effects of Different N-fertilization on Nitrogen Absorption，Utilization and Yield of Maize with Straw in the Field[J].HEILONGJIANG AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES,2010,(01):35.
[7]刘凤艳,龚振平,马先树,等.秸秆还田对水稻病虫害发生的影响[J].黑龙江农业科学,2010,(08):75.
　LIU Feng-yan,GONG Zhen-ping,MA Xian-shu,et al.Effect of Rice Stalks Back to Field on the Occurrence of Disease[J].HEILONGJIANG AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES,2010,(01):75.
[8]王 麒,曾宪楠,孙 羽,等.秸秆还田下不同氮肥处理对玉米生长发育的影响[J].黑龙江农业科学,2010,(10):45.
　WANG Qi,ZENG Xian-nan,SUN Yu,et al.Effects of Different N-fertilization on the Growth ofMaize with Straw in the Field[J].HEILONGJIANG AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES,2010,(01):45.
[9]张明怡.秸秆还田技术对土壤环境的影响研究进展[J].黑龙江农业科学,2009,(03):135.[doi:10.11942/j.isn1002-2767.2009.03.0135]
　ZHANGMing-yi.Research Progress on the Effect of Straw Reapplication to Soil Environment[J].HEILONGJIANG AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES,2009,(01):135.[doi:10.11942/j.isn1002-2767.2009.03.0135]
[10]马星竹,周宝库,张喜林,等.保护性耕作对贫瘠型黑土区土壤理化特性的影响[J].黑龙江农业科学,2009,(06):55.[doi:10.11942/j.isn1002-2767.2009.06.0055]
　MA Xing-zhu,ZHOU Bao-ku,ZHANGXi-lin,et al.Effects of Conservation Cultivation on Black Soil Physic-ChemicalProperties in Arid Area[J].HEILONGJIANG AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES,2009,(01):55.[doi:10.11942/j.isn1002-2767.2009.06.0055]

备注/Memo

收稿日期：2022-10-04

基金项目：中国科学院战略性先导科技专项子课题（XDA28130504）；国家农业环境齐齐哈尔观测实验站（NAES058AE10）。
第一作者：张巩亮（1998-），男，硕士，研究实习员，从事作物耕作栽培及秸秆还田研究。E-mail：2398337728@qq.com。
通信作者：王宇先（1982-），男，硕士，副研究员，从事作物耕作栽培及秸秆还田研究。E-mail：13836209470@163.com。

更新日期/Last Update: 2023-01-15