ZHU Yingxue,CHENG Shengjie,KUANG Enjun,et al.Effects of Variable Topdressing on Soil Chemical Properties and Maize Yield[J].HEILONGJIANG AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES,2025,(01):6-13.[doi:10.11942/j.issn1002-2767.2025.01.0006]
变量追氮对土壤化学性质及玉米产量的影响
- Title:
- Effects of Variable Topdressing on Soil Chemical Properties and Maize Yield
- 文章编号:
- 2
- Keywords:
- maize; precision fertilization; variable topdressing nitrogen fertilizer; increase production and efficiency; balancing soil fertility; increase yield
- 文献标志码:
- A
- 摘要:
- 为促进东北黑土区玉米绿色精准施肥，采取变量追氮的施肥方式在八五五农场和八五六农场试验区玉米田进行田间大区试验，以高空间分辨率遥感影像数据为基础，以当地常规追氮量225 kg·hm-2为标准，设置5个施肥梯度并生成处方图，研究精准变量追氮施肥技术对土壤化学性质及玉米产量等指标的影响。结果表明，八五五农场试验基地土壤有机质和碱解氮含量均表现为少量减氮处理显著高于其他处理，分别较常规追氮处理提高17.0%和44.1%，相较于追氮前，有机质含量提高8.2%~70.3%；pH在变量追氮后少量减氮、少量增氮显著高于常规追氮处理4.8%~5.7%，大量增氮处理高于常规追氮处理1.7%；各变量追氮处理玉米产量虽低于常规追氮处理，但差异不显著。八五六农场试验基地土壤有机质含量经变量追氮后均有所提高（3.0%~36.4%），各处理间差异不显著；变量追氮后常规追氮处理的碱解氮含量最高（46.08 mg·kg-1），与大量增氮处理差异显著；变量追氮后除少量增氮处理pH低于常规追氮处理，其他变量追氮处理均高于常规追氮处理4.2%~5.5%，各处理间差异不显著；减氮处理的玉米产量较高，增氮处理的产量较低，各处理间差异不显著。综上，变量追氮一年虽然在降低土壤速效养分空间差异上未表现出明显效果，但增加了有机质的含量，促进地块保持产量均一稳定，能够达到稳产增产的效果。
- Abstract:
- In order to promote green and precise fertilization of maize in the Northeast Black Soil Area, field experiments were carried out with variable nitrogen topping fertilization. The experiment was based on high spatial resolution remote sensing image data, using the local conventional nitrogen topping amount of 225 kg·ha-1 as the standard, 5 fertilization layers were set up and prescription maps were generated. To study the effect of precise and variable nitrogen topping fertilization technology on soil chemical properties and maize yield indicators. The results showed that the content of soil organic matter and alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen in the 855 Farm test base showed that the treatment with slightly reduce the application of nitrogen fertilizer was significantly higher than other treatments, and the treatment with the conventional nitrogen application rate increased by 17.0% and 44.1% respectively. The content of organic matter increased by 8.2%－70.3% compared with that before nitrogen application. Nitrogen fertilizer application after the variable, the pH of slightly reduce the application of nitrogen fertilizer treatment and a small amount of increased nitrogen fertilizer application treatment was significantly higher than that of the conventional nitrogen application rate treatment by 4.8%－5.7%, and the treatment of a large amount of increased nitrogen fertilizer application treatment was 1.7% higher than that of the conventional nitrogen application rate treatment. Although the yield of each nitrogen fertilizer application after the variable treatments was lower than that of the conventional nitrogen application rate treatment, the difference is not significant. The soil organic matter content in the 856 Farm test base increased (3.0%－36.4%) after variable nitrogen fertilizer application, and the difference between the treatments was not significant. Nitrogen fertilizer application after the variable, the alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen content of the conventional nitrogen application rate treatment was the highest (46.08 mg·kg-1), which was significantly different from that of a large amount of increased nitrogen fertilizer application treatment. The pH of the nitrogen fertilizer application after the variable except a small amount of increased nitrogen fertilizer application treatment was lower than that of the conventional nitrogen application rate treatment, and the other conventional nitrogen application rate treatments were higher than the conventional nitrogen application rate treatment by 4.2%－5.5%, and the difference between the treatments was not significant. The yield of nitrogen fertilizer reduction treatments was higher, and the yield of nitrogen fertilizer increase treatments was lower, and the difference between each treatments was not significant. To sum up, although nitrogen fertilizer application after the variable for one year did not show obvious effect on reducing the spatial difference of soil available nutrients, it increased the content of organic matter, promoted the plot to maintain uniform and stable yield, and achieved the effect of stable yield and increased yield.
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备注/Memo
收稿日期：2024-06-07