XUE Mingchao,FAN Guiguo,RAN Deqian,et al.Effects of Different Sowing Dates on Yield and Quality of Soybean Varieties in Xishui County[J].HEILONGJIANG AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES,2025,(07):20-27.[doi:10.11942/j.issn1002-2767.2025.07.0020]
不同播期对习水县大豆品种产量及品质的影响
- Title:
- Effects of Different Sowing Dates on Yield and Quality of Soybean Varieties in Xishui County
- 文章编号:
- 4
- Keywords:
- soybean; crop rotation connection; composite planting; sowing dates; agronomic traits; yield; protein; fat
- 文献标志码:
- A
- 摘要:
- 为探索茬口衔接与复合种植，筛选适宜习水县适期种植的大豆品种，采用7个大豆品种分5个播期，采用裂区试验设计，随机区组排列，研究了播期对大豆农艺性状、产量、蛋白质及脂肪含量的影响。结果表明，播期对大豆的农艺性状、产量和品质均有明显的影响。随着播期的延迟，大豆有效荚数、总荚数、单株总粒数、单株籽粒质量、百粒重整体上均呈先升高后降低的趋势，每荚粒数随播期整体上呈逐渐下降的趋势；油春1204、齐黄34品种单产逐渐降低，其余品种单产均呈现先增加后降低的趋势；蛋白质含量整体上呈增加趋势、脂肪含量整体上呈降低趋势，蛋脂总量规律不明显。油春1204在S1（4月22日）播期产量最高（5 227.5 kg·hm-2），且品质、抗病性、抗倒伏性优异，适宜作为主推品种在习水县推广种植，该区域大豆最佳播期为4月下旬至5月上旬。
- Abstract:
- In order to explore stubble succession and composite planting while identifying suitable soybean varieties for optimal planting periods in Xishui County, a split-plot design with randomized block arrangement was implemented. Seven soybean varieties were cultivated across five sowing dates to investigate the effects of sowing dates on agronomic traits, yield, protein content, and fat content. The results demonstrated significant impacts of sowing dates on soybean agronomic traits, yield, and quality. With delayed sowing, the number of effective pods, total pods, total seeds per plant, seed weight per plant, and 100-seed weight initially increased and then decreased, while seeds per pod gradually declined. The yield of Youchun 1204 and Qihuang 34 varieties progressively decreased with delayed sowing, whereas other varieties exhibited an initial increase followed by a decline in yield. Protein content showed an increasing trend, while fat content decreased. However, the total protein-fat content displayed no clear pattern. Youchun 1204 achieved the highest yield (5 227.5 kg·ha-1) under the S1 sowing date (April 22), exhibiting superior quality, disease resistance, and lodging resistance. Thus, it is recommended as the primary cultivar for promotion in Xishui County. The optimal soybean sowing window for this region extends from late April to early May.
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备注/Memo
收稿日期：2025-05-03 基金项目：贵州省重大科技成果转化项目(黔科合成果〔2022〕重点007);贵州省成果转化项目(黔科合成果〔2024〕一般114)。 第一作者：薛明超（1989-），男，硕士，农艺师，从事作物生产与技术推广。E-mail:925235690@qq.com。 通信作者：凡迪(1990-)，男，硕士，高级农艺师，从事大豆油菜新品种新技术研究及推广。E-mail:410509115@qq.com。