HAO Yubo,GONG Xiujie,HAN Linjing,et al.Spatial and Temporal Distribution of Main Crop Straw and Current Situation of Straw Returning to Field in Heilongjiang Province[J].HEILONGJIANG AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES,2025,(07):1-7.[doi:10.11942/j.issn1002-2767.2025.07.0001]
黑龙江省主要农作物秸秆时空分布及还田现状
- Title:
- Spatial and Temporal Distribution of Main Crop Straw and Current Situation of Straw Returning to Field in Heilongjiang Province
- 文章编号:
- 1
- Keywords:
- Heilongjiang Province; crops; grain-straw ration; straw resources; utilization rate; straw returning amount; area of straw returning to field
- 文献标志码:
- A
- 摘要:
- 为进一步提高秸秆利用率，推动区域秸秆全量化应用，利用统计年鉴数据，以黑龙江省主要作物秸秆为研究对象，分析黑龙江省内主要种植作物（玉米、水稻和大豆）在各地市的秸秆产量及秸秆还田利用率，明确各地市内秸秆利用现状。结果表明，黑龙江省玉米、水稻和大豆秸秆总产量均随着时间呈指数上升，且秸秆总产量在地市间分布不均，玉米秸秆产量呈由南向北减少的趋势，水稻秸秆产量分布总体上呈由西南部向东北部减少的趋势，大豆秸秆产量主要分布在北部和西部。2023年秋冬季黑龙江省玉米秸秆直接还田面积450.87万hm2，占播种面积的63.53%，水稻秸秆直接还田面积为270.93万hm2，占总播种面积的79.85%，大豆秸秆直接还田面积为428.55万hm2，占总播种面积的90.39%。其中播种面积最大的哈尔滨市、齐齐哈尔市和绥化市秋冬季玉米秸秆直接还田比例分别为59.44%、54.63%和59.36%，水稻秸秆直接还田比例分别为72.17%、61.00%和60.82%，秸秆直接还田面积有待于进一步提高。各地大豆秸秆还田比例均较高，全省平均达90.39%。因此，黑龙江省秸秆资源丰富，具有较强秸秆利用潜力，但各地市秸秆还田比例不均，各地市应当结合当地资源现状合理优化秸秆资源利用方式。
- Abstract:
- In order to further improve the utilization rate of straw and promote the full-scale application of regional straw, Heilongjiang Province was taken as the research object, the yield of straw and the utilization rate of straw returning to the field in various cities were analyzed and studied, the current situation of straw utilization in various cities were clearly defined and the comprehensive utilization of straw in various cities were improved. The results showed that the total yield of maize, rice and soybean straw in Heilongjiang Province increased exponentially with time, and the total yield of straw was unevenly distributed among cities. The yield of maize straw decreased from south to north, the distribution of rice straw decreased from southwest to northeast, and the yield of soybean straw mainly distributed in north and west. In autumn and winter of 2023, the area of maize straw directly returned to the field in Heilongjiang Province was 4.508 7 million hectares, accounting for 63.53% of the sown area, rice straw directly returned to the field was 2.709 3 million hectares, accounting for 79.85% of the total sown area, and soybean straw directly returned to the field was 4.285 5 million hectares, accounting for 90.39% of the total sown area. Among them, the direct return rates of corn straw in autumn and winter in Harbin, Qiqihar, and Suihua, which have the largest planting areas, were 59.44%, 54.63%, and 59.36%, respectively. The direct return rates of straw were 72.17%, 61.00%, and 60.82%, respectively. The direct returning area of straw needs further improvement. The proportion of soybean straw returning to the field is relatively high in various regions, with an average of 90.39% in Heilongjiang Province. Therefore, Heilongjiang Province is rich in straw resources and has strong potential for straw utilization, but the proportion of straw returning to fields is uneven in various cities, and the utilization mode of straw resources should be reasonably optimized in combination with the current situation of local resources.
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备注/Memo
收稿日期：2024-12-19 基金项目：黑龙江省农业科技创新跨越工程重点项目（CX23GG10）；黑龙江省自然科学基金项目（ZD2022C008，LH2023C097）；国家玉米产业技术体系哈尔滨综合试验站（CARS-02-42）；国家重点研发子课题（2023YFD2301704，2022YFD15000804-3）。 第一作者：郝玉波（1982-），男，博士，副研究员，从事玉米栽培与耕作研究。E-mail：yubohao2005@163.com。 通信作者：钱春荣(1973-)，女，博士，研究员，从事玉米栽培理论与技术研究。E-mail：qcr3906@163.com。