WU Yuxi,TANG Ke,WANG Rui,et al.Characteristics Analysis of Excellent Sea Buckthorn Varieties from Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences[J].HEILONGJIANG AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES,2025,(03):33-38.[doi:10.11942/j.issn1002-2767.2025.03.0033]
黑龙江省农业科学院沙棘优良品种特性分析
- Title:
- Characteristics Analysis of Excellent Sea Buckthorn Varieties from Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences
- 文章编号:
- 6
- Keywords:
- Hippophae rhamnoides L.; Heilongjiang Province; variety characteristics; application direction
- 文献标志码:
- A
- 摘要:
- 为了丰富黑龙江省沙棘品种，优化沙棘种植结构，筛选适宜黑龙江省种植的特色沙棘优良品种，以黑龙江省农业科学院选育的6个沙棘品种为试验材料，以深秋红为对照，进行物候期、生长性状、果实性状、果实基本营养成分的比较，分析不同沙棘品种具有的特点及应用方向。结果表明，绥棘系列在8月中上旬成熟，晚熟品种在9月中上旬，对照品种深秋红树势强，株高为325.30 cm，冠幅为291.20 cm，树体最为高大，其次为晚霞、晚黄树体高度较低，分别为240.20和283.40 cm，但冠幅与地径较大，生长势旺盛。绥棘系列品种树势稍弱，但没有棘刺适合手工采摘。晚黄、晚霞作为杂交沙棘品种，果型系数分别为1.03与1.07，果实为圆形，单果重虽然低于蒙古沙棘，但果实密度超过55个·（10 cm）-1，结果枝多，单株产量反而超过蒙古沙棘，棘刺略多，但因其晚熟适合冬季采收或者机械采收。绥棘1号与绥棘2号，糖酸比最低，分别为0.54与0.61，杂交沙棘晚黄、晚霞维生素含量最高，分别为2.45 和2.18 mg·g-1，其他品种维生素含量均低于平均值。综上所述，中熟品种绥棘系列果大、无刺、易于人工采摘，可作为观光采摘园或加工原料林的应用品种；晚熟品种中，晚黄果实密度大、产量高、品质好，更适于作为深秋红的替代品种在冬果沙棘产区推广；晚霞因晚熟、高产、优质等特点，可采用机械采收或者剪枝采收的方式作为深秋红的补充品种推广种植。
- Abstract:
- In order to enrich the varieties of sea buckthorn in Heilongjang Province, optimize the planting structure of sea buckthorn, and screen for excellent varieties of characteristic sea buckthorn suitable for planting in Heilongjang Province. Six sea buckthorn varieties selected by Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences were used as experimental materials, the phenological period, growth traits, fruit traits, and basic nutritional components of the fruit were compared with Shenqiuhong to analyze the characteristics and application directions of different sea buckthorn varieties. The results showed that the Suiji series matured in mid to early August, while the late maturing varieties matured in mid to early September. The control variety, the Shenqiuhong Tree, had a strong growth potential with a plant height of 325.30 cm and a crown width of 291.20 cm. The tree was the tallest, followed by the Wanxia and Wanhuang varieties with lower tree heights of 240.20 and 283.40 cm, respectively. However, their crown width and ground diameter were larger, respectively, indicating vigorous growth. The Suiji series varieties had slightly weaker tree vigor, but they do not have thorns suitable for manual picking. As hybrid sea buckthorn varieties, Wanhuang and Wanxia had fruit type coefficients of 1.03 and 1.07, respectively. The fruit was round in shape, and although the single fruit weight was lower than that of Mongolian sea buckthorn, the fruit density exceeded 55· (10 cm) -1, resulting in more branches and a higher yield per plant than Mongolian sea buckthorn. They had slightly more thorns, but were suitable for winter harvesting or mechanical harvesting due to their late maturity. Suiji 1 and Suiji 2 had the lowest sugar acid ratio, at 0.54 and 0.61, respectively. The hybrid seabuckthorn varieties, Wanhuang and Wanxia, had the highest vitamin content, at 2.45 and 2.18 mg·g-1, respectively. The vitamin content of other varieties was lower than the average. In summary, the Suiji series of medium maturity varieties, due to their large fruit size, lack of thorns, and ease of manual harvesting, can be used as application varieties for sightseeing picking gardens or processing raw material forests; Among late maturing varieties, Wanhuang has the characteristics of high fruit density, high yield, and good quality, making it more suitable as a substitute variety for Shenqiuhong for promotion in winter fruit seabuckthorn production areas; Due to its late maturity, high yield, and high quality, Wanxia can be promoted and planted as a supplementary variety to Shenqiuhong through mechanical harvesting or pruning harvesting.
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备注/Memo
收稿日期：2024-09-18